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History GCSE PERSONAL > Individuals in Medicine - C1000 - 2000 > Flashcards

Individuals in Medicine - C1000 - 2000 Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 4 humours ?

A

Black bile, yellow bile, blood, phlegm

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2
Q

When was the Coventry clean up ?

A

1421

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3
Q

What was Arderne’s surgery success rate ?

A

50%

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4
Q

What book did Arderne write ?

A

“A practice for surgery” - 1350

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5
Q

What did Rhazes discover ?

A

Allergies and fevers were natural healing methods

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6
Q

What book did Rhazes write ?

A

“El Hawi” + 200 books

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7
Q

What book did Avicenna write ?

A

“Canon of medicine”

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8
Q

What anaesthetic did Avicenna use ?

A

Cannabis and opium

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9
Q

What did Ibn al-Nafis discover ?

A

Blood circulated through the heart - disproved Galen

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10
Q

When did John Hunter remove an aneurysm ?

A

1785

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11
Q

What was John Hunter’s nickname ?

A

“Father of scientific surgery”

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12
Q

What book did John Hunter write ?

A

“Natural history of teeth”

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13
Q

Who did John Hunter train ?

A

Edward Jenner

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14
Q

What did Pare use instead of oil for cauterisation ?

A

Egg yolk, rose oil and turpentine - less painful

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15
Q

What did Pare write ?

A

“Les Oeuvres” - 1575

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16
Q

Who did Jenner test his theory on ?

A

James Phipps

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17
Q

When did Jenner write “ An inquiry into the cause of Cow-pox” ?

A

1798

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18
Q

How much was Jenner Given in 1802 ?

A

£10,000 for research

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19
Q

When were vaccines made compulsory ?

A

1853

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20
Q

What book did William Harvey write ?

A

“On the motion of the heart”

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21
Q

What did William Harvey discover ?

A

Blood pumped around the body in a circular motion

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22
Q

How long after William Harvey’s work were capillaries discovered ?

A

60 years later

23
Q

Why was Vesalius different ?

A

Actually dissecting bodies and observing

24
Q

What was grave robbing called ?

A

Burking

25
Q

What book did Vesalius write ?

A

“Fabric of the human body”

26
Q

What did Pasteur theorise ?

A

Micro-organisms caused disease

27
Q

When was Germ Theory published ?

A

1861

28
Q

What did Pasteur invent to preserve liquids ?

A

Pasteurisation

29
Q

What vaccine did Pasteur create ?

A

Rabies vaccine

30
Q

What did Koch do ?

A

Linked germs to specific diseases

31
Q

When did Koch identify the bacteria causing TB ?

A

1882

32
Q

When did Ehrlich make salvarsan 606 ?

A

1910

33
Q

What were these new pills called ?

A

magic bullets

34
Q

What did Lister do ?

A

Used carbolic acid to sterilise

35
Q

What did Lister make death rates fall by ?

A

46% - 15% in 3 years

36
Q

When did Lister create the machine to spray carbolic acid ?

A

1871

37
Q

What did James Simpson use ?

A

Chloroform to reduce pain

38
Q

When did John Snow publish his book about cholera ?

A

1849

39
Q

How did John Snow prove it was caused by dirty water ?

A

Removed the pump handle of the pump where most people were dying - Less deaths

40
Q

What Acts did John Snow influence ?

A

Public health acts of 1875 - Sanitary act of 1866

41
Q

What did Booth and Rowntree’s reports discover ?

A

31% of people lived below the poverty line

42
Q

What did the Booth an Rowntree reports lead to ?

A

Liberal reforms 1906 - 1918

43
Q

How did Fleming discover penicillin ?

A

Left the bacteria exposed to mouldy bread when on holiday - The spores from the mould killed the bacteria

44
Q

Why did Fleming fail to take advantage of penicillin ?

A

Couldn’t inject it into the blood stream

45
Q

Who did Florey and Chain experiment on to prove the works of penicillin ?

A

A policeman who survived until he ran out of penicillin

46
Q

How many soldiers were treated with penicillin ?

A

250,000 - 15% would’ve died without

47
Q

What were the 5 giants of poverty on the Beveridge report ?

A

Disease, Want, Ignorance, Idleness, Poor living conditions

48
Q

What did the Beveridge report claim ?

A

We need government support “from cradle to grave”

49
Q

How many copies did the Beveridge report sell ?

A

100,000

50
Q

What did Landsteiner discover ?

A

Blood types to match donors

51
Q

How long could blood last with an anti-coagulant ?

A

28 days

52
Q

How many blood donors were there in WW2 ?

A

700,000

53
Q

How many soldiers received a skin graft treatment ?

A

5,000

54
Q

Who invented skin grafting ?

A

Harold Gillies

History GCSE PERSONAL (24 decks)

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