Induction Agents Flashcards
1
Q
What are the pharmacodynamics of barbituates (Thiopental)?
A
- Acts on GABA receptors
- Lipophilic, so crosses BBB quickly and therefore rapid onset
2
Q
What are the side effects of barbituates (thiopental)?
A
- Hypotension and tahcycardia
- Splenic engorgement
- Irritant
- Respiratory depression
3
Q
What are the contraindications of barbituate (thiopental)?
A
- Splenectomy
- GDV
- Caesarean
- Sighthounds
- Cardiac arrythmias
- Hypovolaemia
4
Q
What are the pharmacodynamics of barbituates (pentobarbital)?
A
- Act on GABA receptors
- Less lipid soluble than thiopental, so slower crossing BBB
5
Q
What are the pharmacodynamics of substituted phenols (propofol)?
A
- Act on GABA receptors
- High protein bound, so slow recovery
6
Q
What are the side effects of substituted phenols (Propofol)?
A
- Myocardial depression and hypotension
- Respiratory depression
7
Q
What are the 2 types of propofol?
A
- Emulsion containing benzyl alcohol (propofol plus)
- Emulsion containing soya and egg with no bacteriostat
8
Q
What are contraindications of substituted phenols (propofol)?
A
- Hypovolaemia
- Heart failure
- Hyperlipidaemia or pancreatitis
9
Q
What are the pharmacodynamics of dissociatives (ketamine)?
A
- Work on NMDA receptors in dorsal horn of spinal cord
- 50% protein bound
10
Q
What are the side effects of dissociatives (ketamine)?
A
- Muscle rigidity
- Tachycardia
- Hypersensitivity to noise
- Dilated pupils
- Stings
- Amnesia
11
Q
What are the contraindications of dissociatives (Ketamine)?
A
- Seizures
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
12
Q
What are the pharmacodynamics of neurosteroids (alfaxalone)?
A
- GABA agonist
13
Q
What is TIVA?
A
- Total intravenous anaesthetic
- This is the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia with intravenous drugs only
