Inductive Arguments Quotes Flashcards
Cosmological Argument
First Way
St Aquinas
“Nothing can be reduced from potentiality to actuality, except by something that in a state of actuality”
Cosmological Argument
First Way- first mover
St Aquinas
“It is necessary to arrive at a first mover moved by no other; and this everyone understands to be God”
Cosmological Argument
Second Way
St Aquinas
“There is no case known.. in which a thing is found to be the efficient cause of itself; for so it would be prior to itself, which is impossible”
Cosmological Argument
Third Way
St Aquinas
“It is impossible fot these always to exist, for that which cannot be at spme time is not”
Cosmological Argument
Thirdway-Contingency
St Aquinas
“If at one time nothing was in existence, it would have been impossible for anything to have begun to exist”
Cosmological Argument
Sufficient Reason
Leibniz
“If you suppose the world eternal, you will suppose nothing but a succession of states, and will not find in any a sufficient reason”
Cosmological Argument
Ockhams Razor
Used by swinburne
“All things being equal the simplest solution is usually the best”
Cosmological Argument
Contingency
Copleston
“An infinte series of contingent beings will be, to my way of thinking, as unable to cause itself as one contingent being”
Kalam Cosmological Argument
Al-Ghazali
“It is an axiom of reason that all that comes to be must have a cause to bring it about. The world has come to be. Ergo the world must have a cause to bring it about”
Kalam
William Craig
“Thus we are brought not merely to the first cause of the universe but to its personal creator”
Kalam
William Craig
“The only way to have an eternal cause but a temporal effect wiuld seem to be if the cause is a personal agent who freely chooses to create an effect in time”
Cosmological Argument
Cause +Effect
Plato
“Now everything that is created, is created by some cause for without a cause, nothing can be created”
Cosmological Argument
Rejection of Infinite Regression
Polkinghorne
“God is the total explanation for the design of the universe… Gods creation is a continuing act of creation… through the unfolding process of evolutionary history”
Cosmological Argument
First cause
Stephan Hawking
“So long as the universe has a beginnning/cause we caqn suppose it had a creator”
Cosmological Argument
Weaknesses-to have a necessary being contradicts cause and effect
Mill
“If the world is caused, then why is the cause of the world uncaused”
Cosmological Argument
Weaknesses- no knowledge of the beginning of the universe
Kant
To conclude about the beginning of the uiverse has “no meaning whatsoever”
Cosmological Argument
Weaknesses-Possibility of infinite regress rules ou the need for a creator
Hume and Russel
“Why may not the material universe be the necessarily existent being?”
Cosmological Argument
Weaknesses-Quantum physics
Russel
“The physicists argue that individual quantum transition in atoms has no cause”
Teleological Argument
Watchmaker Analogy
William Paley
“Its several parts are framed and put together for a purpose”
Teleological Argument
Fifth Way
St Aquinas
“Some intelligent being exists by whom all natural things are directed to their end; and this being we call God”
Teleological Argument
Human Eye Analogy
William Paley
“There are no examples in this world of contrivance except the eye, it alone would be sufficient to support the conclusion… of an intelligent designer”
Teleological Argument
Anthropic Principle- aesthetic argument
Tennant
“God is the best explanation for the beauty, regularity and orderliness in the world”
Teleological Argument
Challenges- Critisises the use of analoges- Category Error
Hume
“If we lack experience of the thing that the analogy is being used to ‘prove’ then how can we be certain that the analogy is sound?”
Teleological Argument
Challenges-Apprentice God
Hume
God is limited and imperfect
The universe may be “Only the sirst rude essay of some infant deity… the object of derision to his usperioes”
