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U.S History Midterm > Indust > Flashcards

Indust Flashcards

0
Q
  1. What is the Bessemer process? How did steel change the US?
A

A method of processing iron to make steel. It made innovative construction possible

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1
Q
  1. Between 1865 and 1920 the US was transformed from an agriculturally based economy to an industrial power. What factors led to this significant transformation?
A

Abundant natural resources, business friendly government policies, and a growing population.

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2
Q
  1. In what ways did the US take advantage of electricity innovation?
A

Factories no longer had to be located near water sources = change nature of business

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3
Q
  1. List all the ways in which technological innovations of industrialization changed lifestyles & working conditions.
A

a. Cheap travel
b. Outward spread of cities
c. Worldwide communication networks
d. Mass production
e. New jobs for women
f. Shorter work weeks
g. Stopped some of the back breaking labor

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4
Q
  1. In what ways did the US government promote westward settlement through railroads?
A

Land grants and loans

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5
Q
  1. Prior to 1869 how did individual communities determine what time it was? Why was this considered inefficient? What did Professor CF Dowd offer to solve this problem?
A

Prior to 1869 = the position of the sun = inefficient because sun isn’t in same position for every city. Dowd divides the earth into 24 time zones

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6
Q
  1. What cities prospered as a result of the railroad?
A

a. Chicago
b. Minneapolis
c. Abilene, Kansas
d. Flagstaff, Arizona
e. Denver
f. Seattle

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7
Q
  1. What message did the Supreme Court send to railroad companies in 1877 with the Munn V Illinois decision? How did this differ from the decision made by the Supreme Court in 1886?
A

a. Munn v Illinois: government had the right to regulate private industry to serve the public interest
b. Supreme Court 1886: a state could not set rates on interstate commerce

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8
Q
  1. Why was the Interstate Commerce Act passed in 1887?
A

Public outrages from the supreme court decision of 1886

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9
Q
  1. What did it establish and what was its purpose?
A

Interstate commerce commission (ICC) = supervises railroad activity

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10
Q
  1. To what did Andrew Carnegie credit his huge successes?
A

a. Hard work
b. Shrewd investments
c. Innovative business practices

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11
Q

An economic philosophy where the success and wealth of an individual is determined by their success or failure in a free market economy

A
  1. Explain in your own words the principle of Social Darwinism.
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12
Q

: an industrialist who gained their wealth by undermining their competitors and taking advantage of the free market economy

A

Robber Baron

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13
Q

: a wealthy person who gives back to the community

A

Philanthropists

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14
Q

The leaders and most powerful people in their industry

A

Captains of Industry:

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15
Q
  1. What was the major difference between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor?
A

AFL used strikes as a major tactic. Knights of Labor used strikes as a last resort

16
Q
  1. List the 9 examples given in the reading of the types of government legislation/involvement that Spencer was against.
A

a. Government aid
b. Public schools
c. Taxation
d. Min wage
e. Max work hours
f. Child labor laws

17
Q
  1. According to the article, why didn’t business competition thrive during American industrialization?
A

Monopolies controlled the production and prices of goods

18
Q
  1. By 1912 was Social Darwinism still a popular social philosophy? Explain why or why not by providing proof from the reading.
A

No, society began to believe it needed government regulation on private industry

19
Q
  1. According to the editorial (A.T.T.E), on what does Senator Romney & President Obama agree?
A

Hard work and responsibility help you to succeed

20
Q
  1. A.T.T.E. , what does Senator Romney believe is true about social programs and what does he want to do to change it?
A

They cause Americans to rely on the government instead of their own work. He wants programs to help end the welfare state

21
Q
  1. A.T.T.E, what does President Obama believe is true about the American dream? What does he believe needs to be done to change it?
A

The American dream was shattered by the bush administration and Federal programs need to expand

22
Q
  1. A.T.T.E., the major difference between President Obama and Senator Romney is how each one defines what?
A

Fairness

23
Q
  1. Explain how this article relates to the philosophy of Social Darwinism during industrialization.
A

A system where the strongest should succeed and the weak should be left to die out. Social Darwinist believes that the poor shouldn’t receive government help.

U.S History Midterm (8 decks)

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