Industrial Chemistry Year 11 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Define dynamic equilibrium
The rate of forward reaction = rate of backward reaction
Define a reversible reaction
The reactants can form into the products
The products can form into the reactants
Define a closed system
Where nothing can enter or leave
Write a word equation for the reaction between sulphur and oxygen
Sulphur + Oxygen -> Sulphur Dioxide
What is the ideal temperature for the Haber Process and why
450 degrees
It is hot enough to give a good rate of reaction
It is cold enough to give a sufficient yield
What is the ideal pressure for the Haber Process and why
200 ATM
It favours the side with fewer moles (Ammonium)
What catalyst is used for the Haber process and what state is it in
Iron catalyst
Used in liquid form to increase the surface area
What is the Ammonia from the Haber process used for
Explosives
Fertiliser
Medicines
Dyes
What conditions must be met for a reaction to be considered as in Dynamic Equilibrium
No bet energy gain or loss
Must be in a closed system
Amount of product and reactant stays constant
What effect does increasing the Temperature have on equilibrium
The ENDOTHERMIC reaction is favoured (takes in energy from surroundings)
What effect does increasing the Concentration of reactants have on equilibrium
It favours the concentration of the PRODUCTS
What effect does increasing the pressure have on equilibrium
Increasing pressure favours side with fewer moles
Only affects GASEOUS reactions
Define a weak acid
Only PARTIALLY dissociates to form a low concentration of H+ ions in solution
Define a strong acid
FULLY dissociates to form a high concentration of H+ ions in solution
What is 1dm cubed in cm cubed
1000cm cubed
What is the equation linking Concentration Moles Volume
Concentration = Moles/Volume(dm)
How to perform a rough Titration
Use pipette to fill conical flask with 25cm cubed
Add 3 drops of phenolphthalein until it turns PINK
Fill burette with ACID
Place conical flask over white tile
Let acid trickle into flask whilst mixing. When indicator goes colourless STOP
After performing a ROUGH titration, how do you perform an ACCURATE titration
Add 5cm cubed less acid than before
Add acid drip by drip until colour changes
Define Dissociation
The splitting of a molecule into smaller molecules
What is a Neutralisation reaction
Acid and Alkali
Forms
Salt and water
What colour is Phenolpthalein in different pHs
Colourless in acid
Pink in alkali
