Industrial medicine Flashcards
(22 cards)
What was the spontaneous generation theory?
Illness was caused by rotting matter that produced maggots leading to illness
What are the four principles of Pasteur´s germ theory?
1.germs live in the air
2.germs cause decay not the other way around
3.germs are not evenly spread (warmer and more humid places have a stronger effect)
4. Germs are killed by heat
What year did Pasteur come up with germ theory?
1861
How did Pasteur prove his theory?
He put sterile water into two flasks, and the one with a lid on stayed clean, and the open one bred germs. He also proved the germs were killed by heating them. Liquid in a swan neck flask couldn’t get to air and steed clean. But when the neck was broken it was germy.
Why didn’t anyone believe germ theory yet?
He couldn’t determine different bacteria and couldn’t prove it caused disease in humans
- only foods.
What was Pasteur influence?
In the short term, people like dr Henry bastion and the government disagreed with germ theory and he had little respect. But after a while, many people referred to it eg Joseph lister and the government.
What did Robert Koch use Pasteur ideas for?
He developed them more, and wanted to apply his findings to human diseases
What did Koch achieve?
1.discovered what specific diseases looked like
2.growing microbes
3. Staining microbes with industrial dyes
4. Using technology like a new photography lens and new microscopes
Two examples of microbes Koch identified
Anthrax, septicaemia, tuberculosis, cholera
What was Pasteur and Kochs influence in future?
They documented experiments and ideas so other scientists could study their work and repeat experiments and devolop ideas further
What did the government do in the process of understanding disease?
They were unhelpful, and did not promote germ theory until a decade later. The mainly wanted or actual solutions to epidemics. They only became willing to help when the working class men could vote and they wanted it please them.
What new technology was used?
New photography lenses, higher magnification and clearer microscopes and other scientists were inspired to discover more eg Petri dishes
What was the attitude in society?
,more people were keen to learn and answer scientific questions, but a lot of people were reluctant to change their minds about disease and slowed the development of scientific ideas eg germ theory
What did respected doctor Henry bastion believe and promote?
Spontaneous generation not germ theory. Many people believe his ideas.
What did John Tyndall theorise?
He theorised that dust particles carried disease causing germs. But he wasn’t a doctor or physicist so Henry batsman was believed more.
How did Joseph lister contribute to development of germ theory
He promoted the idea and encourage others to read it.
What were the two ways Florence nightingale had an impact on hospital care?
The training of nurses and the way hospitals were designed
What was the building style Florence nightingale preferred?
Pavilion style: it included separated wards, improved ventilation, and larger rooms
What were the two books nightingale wrote?
Noted on nursing, and noted on hospitals which explained her ideas on hospital layouts and how nurses require thorough training.
What was the school nightingale opened and which year?
The nightingale school for nurses in 1860
What materials did nightingale recommend for hospitals
Easily cleaned white materials for walls and uniforms, so you could see the dirt and prevent spreading disease
What impact did nightingale have on nursing in the long term?
Her training ideas turned nursing into a respectable position encouraging more women to sign up. This led to more nurses of a higher skill.
