Industrial Migraton

Question 1

reasons for irish migrating?

Answer 1

Poor and desperate people that hoped to improve their life through migration

Question 2

What was the potato blight?

Answer 2

in 1846 almost all the potato crop was wiped out. Food prices rose quickly and people could no longer afford to pay their rents. Between 1846 and 1850 more than a million people left Ireland

Question 3

what were the irish’s experiences?

Answer 3

Irish migrants were forced to take the dirtiest and lowest paid jobs. Labouring families often lived in overcrowded lodging houses, tenements, back-to-back houses and cellars.

Question 4

what jobs did the irish do?

Answer 4

dock, labourers, miners, quarry-men, builders. some as soldiers and by 1868 there were 55,000 Irish soldiers in the British army

Question 5

what were the reasons for hostility towards irish

Answer 5

poverty and crime, jobs, religion, nationalism, racism

Question 6

irish impacts

Answer 6

Helped the economy grow as they made train lines and built a whole bunch of stuff.

Question 7

irish impacts on religion

Answer 7

Irish migration also revitalised the Catholic Church in England. This helped to speed up the move towards equal rights to worship for all religions.

Question 8

key people to do with irish impacts

Answer 8

talented writers such as Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw. radicals such as Feargus O’Connor and James O’Brien who played leading roles in the Chartist movement which campaigned for all men to be allowed to vote in elections

Question 9

reasons for migration for indians?

Answer 9

As British rule in India strengthened and trade increased, thousands of servants, sailors and wealthy Indians came to Britain.

Question 10

what were the indian’s experiences

Answer 10

Quite negative, often faced discrimination and predujuce

Question 11

what happened to poor indians and servants?

Answer 11

Difficult for servants to find a return passage to India and to find a job with another family. Many servants found themselves stranded with little money, no job and little contacts.

Question 12

what were the lascars’ experiences?

Answer 12

Paid much lower wages + treated harshly. some people discharged the lascars without paying their wages and left them to roam the streets , hungry and without warm clothing. Many lascars died within Britain’s winter months

Question 13

some help to indians

Answer 13

towards the end of the century, charities began to set up homes for ayah stranded in Britain. (POS)

Question 14

what were lascars impacts

Answer 14

Lascars helped create some of modern Britain’s first working- class, multi-racial communities.

Question 15

Dr Frederick Akbar Mahomed 1849-1884 (indian impacts)

Answer 15

he was one of the first Asian doctors in Britain. His work on blood pressure and hypertension helped advance medical understanding.

Question 16

Dadabhai Naoroji 1825-1917 (indian impacts)

Answer 16

In 1855 he left India to help run a business in England. Naoroji became the first British Asian MP - in 1892 he won the seat of Central Finsbury in North London by just six votes.

Question 17

Mohammed Abdul Karim - ‘the munshi’ - 1863-1909 (indian impacts)

Answer 17

Muslim from Agra who became a servant to Queen Victoria in 1887 at the age of 24. Abdul Karim was promoted by the Queen to the position of ‘Indian Secretary’ and had a close friendship with his employer

Question 18

Cornelia Sorabji 1866-1954 (indian impacts)

Answer 18

first woman to teach in an all-male college at the age of 18. In 1889, when she enrolled at Oxford, Cornelia became the first woman ever to study law at a British university.

Question 19

what were the chinese’s reasons for migration?

Answer 19

Trade in Chinese silk. From the 19th century - chinese sailors began to work on the British ships - the chinese sailors were hard working, did not drink and worked for low wages.

Question 20

what were the chinese’s experiences

Answer 20

moved into an area south of the liverpool docks already inhabited by Jews, Russians and Scandinavians. they began to open shops, restaurants and lodging houses to cater for the visiting Chinese sailors

Question 21

what impacts did the chinese have?

Answer 21

Large chinese migrant population in key cities like liverpool and the limehouse area of London. Chinese migrants marry and become integrated + accepted as part of industrial cities. Chinatown becomes ‘exotic’ brand for interested english people

Question 22

what were the african’s reasons for migration

Answer 22

In the 18th and 19th century, most africans who moved to Britain were forced to come by their slave owners.

Question 23

what were the africans experiences?

Answer 23

Faced negativity + prejudice + huge challenges in society - Racist ideas grew out of enslavement and spread throughout society and were deep rooted in all classes.

Question 24

what slave laws were in place in britain?

Answer 24

Lord Chief Justice declared “There is no such thing as a slave by the laws of England” however, this was ignored and africans had to fight for their freedom. e.g. james somerset 1772

Question 25

africans and work

Answer 25

worked in a range of occupations though some had to beg on the streets

Question 26

what help was provided for african migrants?

Answer 26

a group of wealthy people set up a committee for the relief of black poor to give out food and clothing. But soon came up with the idea of resettling the black poor in Africa.

Question 27

what impact did the african’s have?

Answer 27

Helped to provide the labour which fueled Britain’s industrial revolution

Question 28

africans in war and politics

Answer 28

During napoleonic Wars a large number of Black men joined Britain’s army and navy. Some black people became political activists and campaigned to make Britain a better country

Question 29

what were the italian’s reasons for migration?

Answer 29

many Italians enforced to endure warfare and military conscription due to italian unification. many people in the countryside lived in poverty. repeated outbreaks of typhus and cholera

Question 30

italian jobs

Answer 30

Some found work laying asphalt on roads, work that British workers were reluctant to do. Some became organ-grinders in London and at seaside resorts. By 1881 over a 1,000 Italian street musicians in Britain.

Question 31

what did italians do with ice cream?

Answer 31

Most important form of employment was in food, particularly ice cream. Some blamed ice cream making for outbreaks of cholera

Question 32

what impact did italian migrants have?

Answer 32

Despite hostility, many Italian communities grew and prospered. By 1900 Italian schools, churches and even an Italian hospital in London

Question 33

what were the german’s reason for migration?

Answer 33

Many fled to avoid warfare in germany. Engineers and businessmen were attracted to Britain by its flourishing economy.

Question 34

numbers for german migrants in britain

Answer 34

Between 1750-1900 this was the largest group of migrants to come to Britain. By 1861 there were over 28,000 Germans living in Britain

Question 35

1789 Nathaniel Rothschild (jewish impacts)

Answer 35

founded Rothschild’s Bank which helped finance Britain’s war against France

Question 36

1858 Lionel de Rothschild (jewish impacts)

Answer 36

became the first Jewish MP

Question 37

3 major clothes shops started by East European Jewish migrants

Answer 37

Marks and Spencer, Burtons and Moss Bros

Question 38

what were the reasons for jewish migration?

Answer 38

Frequent pogroms (massacres) in Eastern Europe and Russia, particularly 1881-1884. Britain a cheaper option than America. Between 1881 and 1914 150,000 Russian and East European Jewish refugees arrived in Britain

Question 39

restriction against jews

Answer 39

restrictions were lifted, by 1830 Jews able to trade in London, in 1833 could serve on juries and work as lawyers

Question 40

what were jewish migrants experiences?

Answer 40

By 1880 the Jewish people from all social classes became more assimilated into British society. Violence against jews in Britain was mostly a thing of the past

Question 41

jewish refugees journey to britain

Answer 41

the journey to Britain was unhelpful and sometimes dangerous. Most Jewish families walked all the way through mainland Europe

Question 42

what problems did jewish refugeesw face when travelling to britain?

Answer 42

Border officials could be unhelpful and often had to be bribed. Food and shelter were often difficult to find

Question 43

what sort of jobs did jewish migrants do?

Answer 43

Most common employment was in one of Whitechapel’s clothing sweatshops. Long hours for very little pay.