Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Betty Harris
woman who worked in the British mines; describes how difficult the mining job is and the conditions they had to work under
Triangle ShirtWaist Fire
March 1911 fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors; nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory; led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers
Marx and Engels Communism
Maintained that poverty, disease, and early death that afflicted the industrial working class were endemic to capitialism.
Communism
A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.
Modernity/The Modern Era
- cultural and intellectual movements
- science-induction, causality
- social-categorical priority of the individual
- world de-sacralized due to the rise of the
scientific method (prayer vs. medicine)
-secular emphasized
Abolitionism
The movement to end slavery
Adam Smith’s Capitialism
when individuals make a trade they value what they are purchasing more than they value what they are giving in exchange for a commodity
Rerum Novarum
Papal encyclical of Leo XIII (1878-1903) upheld the right of private property but criticized the inequities of capitalism. It recommended that Catholics form political parties and trade unions to redress the poverty and insecurity fostered under capitalism.
Chinese Labor Migration
The mass migration of Chinese immigrants to the US to work on the transcontinental railroad
Socialism
A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.
What was the role of everyday people in industrial growth and development?
During the industrial revolution they were expected to work long hours or they would lose their jobs. If they got sick or injured on the job and missed work they were often fired.
How were Chinese tea, American slavery, and industrial growth in Europe interconnected?
The Atlantic triangular trade network was intertwined with the export and production of tea primarily due to tea’s relationship to sugar. Though hardly the main instigator, Tea was a propelling force in the rise of sugar production and thus the increase of slave labor in the sugar mills.
How did the Enlightenment and industrialization change who worked and why?
What experiences did workers have in industry? Who worked? What did they complain
about?
-By changing the British political system and guiding its deliberations. It was responsible for bringing mercantilism to an end and replacing it with a more open and competitive economic system.
-Poor workers were often housed in cramped, grossly inadequate quarters. Working conditions were difficult and exposed employees yo many risks and dangers, including cramped work areas with poor ventilation, trauma from machinery, toxic exposures. Everyone worked, including kids as young as 8 years old. Most employees complain about not getting paid as much for how much work they do and what working conditions they were in.
How did capitalism fit with Enlightenment ideas?
became the intellectual foundation for the expansion of modern capitalism as a system of production and distribution.
What are the advantages and drawbacks of capitalism?
Pros: Gives people an incentive to work hard
People are allowed to accumulate wealth
Individual performance is valued
Cons: Increase income and wealth gap
An excessive focus on consumption
Insufficient welfare
