Industrial Revolution Flashcards
What is the Industrial Revolution?
A period of significant changes in the manufacturing and production processes in Europe and North America during the 18th and 19th centuries
What is a Steam Engine?
An invention that allowed for the mechanization of transportation and manufacturing
What is urbanization?
The process of cities becoming larger and more densely populated
What was Stage 1 of the Industrial Revolution?
> 1750 to 1850
-steam
-trains
-factories
-towns
-cities
What was Stage 2 of the Industrial Revolution?
> 1850 to 1900
-cars
-electricity
-photographs
-films
-sound
What was Stage 3 of the Industrial Revolution?
> Late 1800s to 1950
-spreads to USA
-spreads to France
-spreads to Germany
What was Stage 4 of the Industrial Revolution?
-new ideas spread around the globe
-spreads to China
-Spreads to India
Define industrial
factory-based production and mass producing
Define revolution
A big change that happens quickly
How did energy sources change during the Industrial Revolution?
-Instead of people or animals, some industries began using water and wind as sources of energy.
-People started using coal for fuel instead of wood or peat. Coal gave out more heat and allowed better quality iron and steel to be made.
-Coal was also used to heat water to make steam for the newly invented steam engine.
-Oil and natural gas were used for heating and lighting.
How did technology change during the Industrial Revolution?
-New machines were invented that could work much faster and on a bigger scale than human hands.
-The spinning jenny and power loom allowed the textile industries to grow.
-The steam engine could provide more energy for large factories.
-The steam locomotive and railways meant that travel was quicker and people, raw materials and goods could be transported more easily.
How did work change during the Industrial Revolution?
-Before the Industrial Revolution craftspeople made things in their own homes or in small workshops. The new factory system meant people had to go to a place of work where they would work for a shift.
-Instead of making something from end-to-end, factory workers would each work specific machines that carried out different stages of a manufacturing process.
How did transport change during the Industrial Revolution?
-Factories and industries needed more raw materials and made more products. These all needed to be transported.
-Horse-drawn transport was not fast enough and could not cope with the amount of freight that needed to be moved.
-Canals were introduced to deal with this issue. Canal boats could move large volumes of goods.
Roads were improved, especially with the introduction of macadamised road surfaces that were stronger and smoother.
-Later, the invention of the steam train and railway made travel and transport much quicker, more reliable and better able to carry heavy loads.
How did engineering change during the Industrial Revolution?
-Engineering improved through a mix of new materials and better scientific understanding.
-Stronger stone buildings like the Bell Rock lighthouse, giant concrete bridges like the Glenfinnan Viaduct, and iron and steel structures like the Tay Bridge and Forth Rail Bridge all became possible.
-Big civil engineering projects like the Caledonian Canal and the Loch Katrine scheme that provides Glasgow with its drinking water would not have been possible without the Industrial Revolution.
