Industrial Revolution Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are some pros of the industrial revolution?
- New inventions
- Higher economy
- Wealth
- Mass production
- Cheap goods
- Plenty of work
What are some cons of the the industrial revolution?
- Pollution with smoke which cause disease
- Child labour was extremely common
- Dangerous working conditions
Lost two early improvements in the textile industry (new machines)
- In 1764 the “Spinning Jenny” spun 8 threads at once.
- In 1964 water powered “Richard Arkwrights” was invented.
What industry did the industrial revolution begin in?
In the Textile industry
In what century was there a huge change In the percentage of spinning and weaving done by machine.
At the end of the 18th century
What was the Industrial Revolution?
When rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. The development of the steam engine, iron ect was produced. More volume and variety was manufactured and living improved for some.
When did the Industrial Revolution occur?
The Industrial Revolution began in 1790. In Britain it began in the late 1700’s.
What happened as a result of the Industrial Revolution to how goods were produced?
More goods were produced with machinery in factories in mass production and were produced to a hugger standard.
What did Thomas Edison contribute?
Thomas Edison invented the light bulb in order to see easier after sunset and to make indoor lighting safer (rather than candles).
When did Thomas Edison begin working on his own for, of electricity?
In the 1870’s
When did Thomas Edison run his first test for his new lamp?
October 19th 1879
Where was most manufacturing done prior to the Industrial Revolution?
In homes or small rural shops
Where did most people live before the Industrial Revolution?
In small, rural communities.
How were children treated in factories?
- Cruelly and unusually
- Safety was neglected
- Abused, physically and mentally
- Inhumanly treated and punished
- Suffered from long term injuries
In what occupations were most children employed in?
Agriculture and water-powered cotton mills
What percentage of the population of children were employed in factories?
35% - 50% of children were employed in factories.
What percentage of children under 14 were employed in 1750?
14% of employed workers were under the age of 14
Would the reforms improve working life for children? How?
Yes, because it cut back the hours of work the children could do daily and, eventually, eliminated child labour all together.
What are the dangers for children if they are working in water-powered cotton mills?
- Having your hands crushed
- If their hair became entangled in the machine, their scalps could be ripped off
- Some were killed instantly if they fell asleep and fell into the machines.
What year were the hours for child labour cut back for the first time? And how many years later were children under the age of 9 banned from working?
Limitations on the number of hours children could work was put into place in 1802, and 31 years later children under 9 couldn’t work any longer.
What was the importance of coal in the Industrial Revolution?
Britain was well supplied with coal which was used as a fuel which was powerful and much cheaper than traditional fuel (wood). While mining for coal they encountered flooding, which led to Thomas Newcomen to invented a pump to pump water out of mines. Coal also burned hotter than wood charcoal and the additional heat was needed in the boilers which ran the newly developed steam engines. Would make steam engines go further and faster.
Where, when and who did the spinning and weaving in the textile industry before the revolution?
In the mid eighteenth century, spinning and weaving was done by farming families and agricultural workers at home in the evenings after toiling in the fields all day (known as cottage industry).
Why was the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
- Britain had resources
- Wealth from Colonial trade
- Ships to import raw materials and export manufactured goods.
- It had 80% of the worlds coal
- Geographically had the waterways and canals to ship goods,smo factories were built near waterways.
Who/When was the steam engine invented?
James Watt invented the steam engine in 1769
