Industrial Revolution and Civil Rights movements 2024 Term 2 Flashcards
(43 cards)
When was the industrial revolution
started in 1760 and continued into the 19th century
What was the industrial revolution
the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing
where did the industrial revolution take place and why
britain because of its easy access to coal deposits and culture of experimentation
once the industrial revolution started, people started moving from rural areas into large cities to find work. what is the process of this called? And why did they move?
urbanization, they moved because the factories being made needed more workers to work in them.
why were children so popular for factories employers
because they were so small, could be paid less and could fit easily inside the machines to fix them.
what were the main points of the agricultural revolution
enclosed farms replaced subsistence farming, jethro tull’s seed drill, the rotherham plough, and lord turnip townshend’s four crop rotation system
what is an agrarian society
one whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland (agriculture)
what effect did the seed drill, triangular plough and the four crop rotation system have on the agricultural industry
It made things easier, forced manual labour down, made things more efficient.
what was jethro’s seed drill
it did all three; digging, planting and covering. It cut down on the amount of time and manual labour
what was the rotherham plough (triangular plough)
Cut down time and used less horses.
what was lord turnip townshend’s 4 crop rotation system
before this invention, crop rotation would simply be three fields, 2 for crops and 1 for fallow. farmers would have to kill their livestock in winter because they had nothing to feed them. The four crop rotation system introduced turnips, while still having wheat, barley and clover. The turnips made the soil have lots of nutrients AND gave the livestock something to eat in the winter.
what were two of britain’s biggest resources
coal and iron
explain the factory act of ______
- a new law that came into place to protect children from working in factories.
name at least 4 rules of factory act
- no child workers under nine years of age.
- Employers must have an age certificate for their child workers
- children of 9-13 years to work no more than nine hours a day
- children are not to work at night
- children of 13-18 years to work no more than 12 hours a day
- 2 hours of schooling each day for children
- four factory inspectors appointed to enforce the law (in the whole of britain!)
what were 2 improvements to the factory act and 2 bad things
it showed change for britain in terms of child labour law, and gave some children who were in fact being over worked, better conditions. Employers could take advantage of these laws, by forcing a kid to work exactly 12 hours a day.
What is a trade union
formed in britain (1760-1840) to protect workers ffrom unnecessary risks using dangerous machines, unhealthy work conditions and excessive working hours. Mainly to fight for workers rights. These were outlawed by governments.
what were the impacts of railways during the industrial revolution ( name at least 5)
- turnpike trusts, canals and stage coach companies went bankrupt cause they couldnt compete
- townspeople were able to revieve meat, fish, milk and veggies brought in while they were fresh by railways.
- industry grew because of the railways needed coal and iron, railways in turn allowed factories to transport their goods to markets
- post was sped up
- newspapers could be sent from london all over the country
- which then meant people became more interested in politics and this grew to a growth of political parties
- seaside towns developed rainways and made cheap day trips possible
- people were able to travel greater distances for leisure and to work
what were the pros of the industrial revolution
brought along new equipment and machines made producing food easier, quicker and took less people.
what were the cons of the industrial revolution
- living conditions were bad so more diseases like cholera
- housing and street design was bad; narrow streets which blocked light and caused crowding.
- worsened environmental impact with the constant burning of fossil fuels in the new machines.
- Hygiene was generally bad cause of the horrible sewerage
- sewerage dumped on the street
- lack of fresh water
why were railways so great
they helped transport goods, like food, newspaper and mail. They made seaside towns for people to visit for leisure.
what is a trade union?
groups formed by people in the same field of work, advocating for problems like higher pay, working conditions and being treated farily. These were highly illegal but also beneficial becuase it forced employers to do something
what was the factory act of 1833
a list of rules that came into motion to protect the rights of child lebour. It consisted of age, hours worked and schooling rules. Employers would often manipulate these rules
what was the triangle trade route
existing between europe, africa and the americas. Europe would take ships filled with goods to africa. They would swap for slaves. arriving in america, theyd swap slaves for leisure goods like sugar and tobacco.
what is the united nations
created after the second world war, known as the UN, today its comprised of 193 member nations.
