Industrial Revolution (World History) Flashcards
(28 cards)
Industrialization
The development of industries for the machine production of goods.
Where the Industrial Revolution Started
Great Britain
Reasons for the large number of workers in Great Britain
Enclosure movement, agricultural revolution, and population growth
3 Factors of Production in Great Britain
Capital, natural resources, and labor.
Power sources for early machines and factories
First water, then steam.
How Urbanization evolved during the Industrial Revolution
Factories built by water, housing for the workers, cities grew quickly around factories as people came who needed jobs.
Living and Working Conditions for Factory Workers
Living conditions:
Not enough housing and very poor housing led to many issues
- Tenemants
- Disease rampant because poor hygiene
- Running waste in the streets
- No running water
Working conditions:
- Dependent on wages instead of crops
- Repetitive and monotous
- Rapid spread of disease because of ventilation issues
Improvements in the city
Electricity, water and sewage systems, public transportation
The middle class and ways life improved (2 Q)
Had a specific skill or knowledge that allowed them to get better paying jobs. Better houses, better Quality of Life.
Importance of Transcontinental Railroads and Canals
Move raw materials faster, get products to market faster, travel faster.
Benefits of Improved Transportation
Created thousands of jobs, people could live further from work, industry could move goods faster.
Shift in power in Industrialized countries
Countries that industrialized gained power economically, militarily, and socially.
Causes and effects of the Industrial Revolt.
Causes:
- Increased agricultural productivity
- growing population
- growing demand for mass-produced goods
- improved tech.
Effects:
- Rise of factories
- Urbanization
- Rise of urban working class
- Changes in transportation and comms.
- Big business
- medical care progress
- Expansion of Middle Class
- Increase in pollution
Strike
To refuse to work in order to force an employer to meet certain demands.
Enclosure
Fenced-in or hedged-in field created by a wealthy landowner
Crop rotation
Growing a different crop in a field each year to help the soil be more fertile.
Urbanization
Growth of cities, people moving to cities, happened quickly
Stock
Shares of ownership in a company that are sold in order to operate the business
Corporation
Business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not responsible for its debt
Capitalism
Economic system based on private ownership and the investment of money in business in order to make a profit.
Communism
Economic system - all means of production are owned by the people, private property does not exist, all goods and services are shared equally.
Industrial Revolution
The shift started in England during 1700s, from making goods by hand to making them by machine.
Laissez Faire economics
No govt. regulation or interference.
Enclosure movement
Farmers closed in their lands by building fences. Put small farmers out of work, but made more money and better crop production for large owners.
