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Industrial Revolutions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the industrial revolutions

A

It was the change of people working from hand to factories

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2
Q

Where did it begin

A

It began in Britain

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3
Q

Why did the industrial revolution take place

A

Population explosion

Raw materials from mines

Coal and iron ore

Inventions

New farming methods

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4
Q

Causes for population explosion

A

Fewer famine-people had a wider range of food meaning that famine decreased. This is due to foods like rice and potatoes brought from other countries

Plagues ended- by 1700 the plague such as the Black Death disappeared

Medical discoveries- Edward Jenner discovered the cure to small pox. He created vaccinations.

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5
Q

How did the new farming methods take part in population explosion

A

The new methods of farming produced a lot more food. This led to population increasing.

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6
Q

What was the steam engine

A

It was used to drive machines in factories

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7
Q

Who created the steam engine

A

James Watt in 1763

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8
Q

What was the farming method used before the agricultural revolution

A

The three field system or open field system.

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9
Q

What is the agricultural revolution

A

It was the change in farming methods in the 18 century

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10
Q

Disadvantages of the three field system

A

Each year a field had to be left fallow

Weeds could spread easily between strips

Animal diseases spread easily

Land wasted at end of strips where oxen turned

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11
Q

What was he new farming system called

A

The four field system/ Norfolk system

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12
Q

Advantaged of the new farming system

A

The turnips and grass restored nutrients back into the soil

The food supply increased and no fields were left fallow

It means cattle didn’t have to be killed

No. Of animals increased feeding the new population

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13
Q

What is enclosure

A

It is when the landlord takes each tenants strips of arable and brings them together into a single farm

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14
Q

What was the parliament that allowed landlords to force enclosure

A

Enclosure Acts

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15
Q

The advantages of enclosure

A

It reduced weed disease

Farmers could use new methods of farming

More food could be produced

Landlords regret higher rents

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16
Q

Disadvantages of enclosure

A

Small farmers could not afford to plant hedges and dig drains. They sold their farms and went to towns and cities to work in Factories.

Labourers never had land and lost their grazing rights on the commons. The new machinery men’s t that many of them had no work. As a result they moved to the city to find work

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17
Q

What did Robert bakewell create

A

Selective farming

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18
Q

Explain Robert bakewells invention

A

It was when he takes the largest of the the same animal and bred them,resulting in a large animal.
The weight of cattle and sheep. Ore than doubled

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19
Q

What is broadcasting

A

It was the old way of planting seeds by simply scattering them by hand

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20
Q

What did Jethro Tull invent

A

The seed drill

Horse drawn hoe

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21
Q

Explain Jethro Tulls invention

A

It was pulled be horse or cattle This drill made a furrow and dropped seed into it. A blade covered the seed into it. The blade covered the seed in soil protecting it from the birds.

The horse drawn hoe could remove weeds from between crops

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22
Q

What did Cyrus McCormick invent

A

He invented the mechanical reaper. It reduced time used to harvest crops

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23
Q

What were the affects of the agricultural revolution

A

More food was produced

Fewer people needed land due to the machinery

The increase in food supply meant that it would deal with the population growth

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24
Q

What is a loom

A

A machine used to. Are cloth

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25
What is a spinning wheel
A machine used to make thread
26
What is the domestic system or cottage industry
It was the use of a loon/ spinning wheel which is powered by hand
27
What is a factory
It is a building use to house the new machines
28
What is mass production
It is producing large amounts of cloth at a cheap price
29
When if the effects of factories
The factories need a large amount of people to work it resulting in cities being built around the,
30
What did john Kay create
The flying shuttle
31
Who invented the spinning Jenny
James Hargreaves
32
What did Richard Arkwright invent
The water frame
33
What did Samson crompton
The spinning mule
34
Who created the power loom
Edward Cartwright
35
What were the new inventions in the textile industry
``` Flying shuttle Spinning Jenny Water frame Spinning mule Power mule ```
36
What was Lancashire
It was the centre of the cotton industry
37
What was coal used for
To heat water to create steam Power locomotives on the railway and steam ships It was used to make coke
38
Define smelt
Separate the iron from the rock which it is contained
39
What is coke
Coal is burnt to remove harmful gases and this turns the coal to coke. Coke burns at a higher temperature in the furnace
40
What are the dangers of coalmining
Flooding- the dangers of underground water stopped colliers from digging to deeply. However Watts steam engine meant water could be pumped from the mine Explosions- carbon gas gets built up in a mine. When exposed to a naked flame it explodes however the invention of the Davy safety lamp
41
What is a collier
A coal miner
42
What is pig iron
Iron produced by smelting
43
What was iron used for
It was needed for making machinery. Like steam engine and locomotives
44
What is wrought iron
It is when coke is used to smelt the iron instead of coal. The pig iron is then beaten to remove impurities
45
Who created wrought iron
Abraham Darby
46
What did Henry cort create
He invented the puddling and rolling method
47
What did Henry courts method do
It made better quality wrought iron
48
And the method that Henry Bessemer created
He created the converter method of making steel
49
Describe the converter method of making steel
A vessel was filled with liquid pig iron and some chemicals were added. A blast if hot air passed through the mixture
50
Advantages of steel
Cheaper to make Stronger than wrought iron Less likely to crack and more flexible
51
what was the transport revolution
it was a time where roads and other transportation devices were improved
52
what were turnpike trusts
they were private companies which got permission from parliament to improve and maintain a section of the road
53
whaten are turnpikes
barriers on roads where tolls were collected
54
what is a toll
money paid for travelling along a road
55
how did thomas telford improve roads
digging deep foundations putting a layer of heavy stones and and smaller stones covered this layer putting a layer of tightly packed gravel on top wich give a smooth surface making roads high in the middle and sloping towards in the sids witch allowed water to run of
56
what did john MacAdam state
there was no need for deep foundations. a layer of small stones 30cm deep was enough the carts and coaches would grind the stones on the top to powder and the rain would wash the powder down which would hold layers together
57
what were the effects of road improvements
it cut the journey time between london and manchester fro four days to 18 hours more people wanted to travel. they did so in stagecoaches greater amounts of raw materials and finished products could be transported more quickly
58
who built a canal
james brindly
59
why did the creator of the canal create it and what was the result
he built the canal for the duke of bridgewater from his cornfields to manchester. it was then called the bridgewater canal. the result of this is the dukes sales went up
60
who created the locomotive
richard trevithick
61
who created the first train
george stephenson
62
what else did george stephenson create
the rocket
63
what were the effects of the railway
they provided cheaper and faster transport heavy goods were transported really quickly over short distances they gave a huge boost to the mining, iron and steel industries they also boosted tourism as people were able to get to resorts they created many jobs they led to a decline for the use of canals and road transport
64
what were the effects of the transport revolution
it meant that raw materials and manufactured goods could be transported more quickly and cheaply the less time it tool to carry goods from the factory to the market the lower the cost this made the goods chaper and as a result people could afford to buy them iron and stal and coal production increaCED CREATLY DUE TO THE TRANSPORT REvolution
65
describe the steam ships
until the 18 centrut
66
what is urbanisation
it is the movement from people in the countryside to the cities
67
name the two main reasons for urbanisation
small farmers and labourers were forced off the land due to the enclosure system the domestic system could not compete with the factory system. as a result spinners and weavers had lost their jobs had to move to the cities to work in the factories
68
describe the growth of cities during the industrial revolution
in 1750, 25 per cent of britain's population lived in towns and cities. by 1850 this has risen to 50 per cent.the move of people form countryside to cities is called urbanisation. (name the two main reasons for it). there was a huge increase in the size of the cities. for example the 1750,45000 people lived in manchester. by 1850 it was 303,000

History (17 decks)

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