industries Flashcards
(35 cards)
What are the features of Cottage Industry?
Local raw materials manufactured by family members. They are household industries in which the craftsmen make the goods in their homes with the help of their family members. Products used for local use. They sell the products in the local markets. No mechanical power, only handmade.
Examples – Jam, pickles, basket making, mat weaving, ropes, pottery, jewellery etc.
What are the features of Small-Scale Industry?
Extended form of cottage industry. Manufacturing is done by machines with the help of a few hired workers. Goods are produced with the use of power-driven machines to be sold in the market. Raw materials are brought from outside if not available locally. The main source of employment in developing countries.
Examples – textiles, ceramics, toys, sugar, vegetable oil, leather goods, electrical goods.
What are the features of Large-Scale Industry?
Mostly found in developed countries – USA, Russia, Germany. Large capital investment, number of employees and vast consumption of power. Requires sound infrastructure. Large-scale production.
Examples – automobiles, ship-building, textiles.
What are the types of industries based on raw materials?
Agro-based, mineral-based, pastoral-based, marine-based, and forest-based industries.
What are Agro-based industries?
Obtain raw materials from agriculture.
Examples: cotton and jute textiles, sugar and food processing.
What are Mineral-based industries?
Obtain raw materials from rocks and minerals.
Examples: iron and steel, aluminum, cement, and petrochemicals.
What are Pastoral-based industries?
Obtain raw materials from animals.
Examples: leather goods, woollen textiles, processed meat, and dairy products.
What are Marine-based industries?
Obtain raw materials from aquatic animals.
Example: fish processing.
What are Forest-based industries?
Obtain raw materials from forests and plants.
Examples: paper, furniture, and sports goods.
What are Public Sector Industries?
Industries owned and managed by the central or state governments or their agencies.
Examples: Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd., Bhilai or Durgapur Steel Plant.
What are Private Sector Industries?
Industries owned and managed by individuals or a group of individuals.
Examples: Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur, Reliance Industries, Aditya Birla Group.
What are Joint Sector Industries?
Industries owned and managed jointly by private firms and government agencies.
Examples: Gujarat Alkalies Ltd. or Oil India Ltd.
What are Co-operative Sector Industries?
Industries owned and managed by a group of people who form their own cooperative society. They are generally producers of raw materials.
Examples: Amul Milk, sugar mill owned and run by farmers, handloom industry.
What is an industrial region?
An industrial region or industrial area refers to a region with extremely dense industries. It is usually heavily urbanized.
What are some industrial regions in the world?
The eastern part of North America, Western and Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Eastern Asia.
What are some industrial regions in India?
Maharashtra-Pune cluster, Bangalore-TN region, Chota Nagpur industrial belt, Vishakapatnam, Gurugram-Delhi-Meerut, Kollam-Thiruvanthapuram.
What factors influence industrial development?
Climate: It is located in regions with moderate climate. Government policy: Favourable government policies and political situations help in the development of modern industries.
What is the significance of the Iron and Steel Industry?
Iron and steel are used in the manufacturing of machines, tools, and various equipment used by other industries. The production of iron and steel is an index of the industrial growth of a nation.
What raw materials are used in the Iron and Steel Industry?
Iron ore, coal, limestone, and manganese.
How is iron smelted?
The iron ore is smelted together in a blast furnace. After it solidifies it is hard and strong but very brittle as it contains impurities. The impurities are removed and pure iron is obtained.
How is steel made?
Some carbon is mixed with pure iron to make steel. Steel is very flexible and can be made into any shape like sheets, wires, and rods.
Where are major iron and steel industries located in the world?
The Great Lakes Region of the USA, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Poland, Belgium, Sweden, Ukraine, and Japan.
Where are major iron and steel industries located in India?
Chhota Nagpur and Deccan Plateaus. The main centres are at Jamshedpur, Bokaro, Bhilai, Rourkela, Durgapur, Bhadravati, Vijayanagar, Vishakhapatnam, and Salem.
What raw materials are used in the Textile Industry?
Cotton, jute, wool, silk, and synthetic goods.
