Industry Flashcards
(26 cards)
Cottage Industry
The manufacture of cotton cloth was a two step process. First spinners made cotton thread from raw cotton. Then weavers wore the thread into cloth on looms. In the 18th century these tasks were done by individuals in their rural homes.
Enclosure Movement
In the 1700’s parliament passed laws that allowed large landowners to fence off common lands. As a result of this enclosure many peasants were forced to move to towns to work in the new factories
Capital
A ready supply of money
Entrepreneurs
People who are interested in finding new opportunities and new ways to make profits
Crop Rotation
The process of planting or growing crops in a fixed cycle to produce a surplus of food or crops
Fallow
Land left unplowed and unseeded during a growing season
Edward Jenner
English physician who pioneered the small pox vaccination
Industrialism
The socioeconomic changes that took place in England in the late 18th century that brought about the mechanization of production systems that resulted In a shift from home based hand manufacturing to factory based population resulting in mass production
Edmond Cartewright
English clergyman who invented the power loom. 1743-1823
Wilhelm Rontgen
German physicists who discovered x-rays and developed. 1845-1923
Capitalism
An economic system based on private ownership competition and profit
Bourgeois
According to Marxist thought being the owners of the means of production and exploitive of the working class
Proletariat
The poorest people of the working class
Karl Marx
The founder of modern communism and co wrote Communist Manifesto with Richard Engels
Communism
A form of socialism that abolishes private ownership and aims for a classless society
Urbanization
The movement if people from rural to urban areas
Bessemer Process
A method for mass producing steel by blasting compressed air through molten iron to burn out excess carbon and impurities
Richard Arkwright
Invented the water frame in 1769
Monopoly
A situation in which a single company or group owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service
Textile
Artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers
Fredrick Englels
Published “ the condition of the working class in England” which attacked the middle class and charged that they had impoverished the poor worse then they had been in the cottage system and the culprit was capitalism and the maximization of profits. He said “ i charge the middle class with mass murder wholesale robbery and all the other crimes on the calendar.”
Socialism
An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all
Describe the AG? How did it lead to the age of industry?
Before the AG land was inefficient. Now because of crop rotation wealthy landlords would buy the land and it then became efficient for an abundance of food. Now that they didn’t have to worry about the food they started to invent. Enclosure movement forces people to seek opportunity thus causing the age of industry
How did GB lead the industrial revolution
Navigate waterways. Canal river stream Transport goods throughout the country
Surface level coal. Easy to get coal, big industry easy to mine
Government encouraged entrepreneurship. Promoted business. Prosper
Isolated. Didn’t have to worry about enemy entanglements
Superior Navy. Able to protect their trade routes
