Infancy

Question 1

Year range

Answer 1

Birth to 1 year

Question 2

Weight of just born baby

Answer 2

6.6 to 7.7 lb (3.0-3.5 kg)
Double by six months
Triple by twelve
Head 25% of total body weight

Question 3

Newborn heart rate

Answer 3

100-170 bpm

Question 4

Infant up to 1 year heart rate

Answer 4

90-160 bpm

Question 5

Birth respiratory volume

Answer 5

7-8 mL/kg

Question 6

1 year respiratory volume

Answer 6

10-15 mL/kg

Question 7

0-6 months respiratory rate

Answer 7

30-60/min

Question 8

6 to 12 month respiratory rate

Answer 8

24-30/minute

Question 9

Respiratory rate

Answer 9

Breaths per minute
One breath = 1 inhale 1 exhale

Question 10

Newborn systolic blood pressure

Answer 10

50-70 mmHg

Question 11

Up to 1 year systolic BP

Answer 11

90 mmHg

Question 12

Pattern of circulation at birth

Answer 12

In uterus: lungs did not function (fetal circulation)
Within first minutes or hours after birth, changes to pulmonary circulation

Question 13

Airways at birth

Answer 13

Shorter, narrower, less stable, more easily obstructed than any life stage
Nose breather until 4 weeks & diaphragm breather
Chest wall less rigid lung tissue prone to pressure trauma

Question 14

Antibodies obtained from

Answer 14

During pregnancy from mother to child and during breastfeeding

Question 15

Nervous system reflexes (diminish over time)

Answer 15

Moro reflex: startled, throws arms out spreads fingers and starts grabbing
Palmar reflex: grasps finger in palm when placed, later on will learn to release
Rooting reflex: turns head towards finger touch when hungry
Sucking reflex: sucking finger that touches lips

Question 16

Sleep

Answer 16

Initially 16-18 hrs all day/night
Then 4-6 day & 9-10 night
2-4 months: sleep through night

Question 17

Physis

Answer 17

Growth plates
Located at both ends of long bones, babies extremities grow

Question 18

Fontanelle

Answer 18

Soft spot where bones at top of head meet (bones not fused at birth)
Posterior fontanelle closes by 2-3 months
Anterior closes 9-18 months
Dehydration: sunken fontanelle
Pressure inside skull: fontanelle bulging infant not crying

Question 19

2 month milestone

Answer 19

Tracks objects with eyes
Recognizes familiar faces

Question 20

3 month milestone

Answer 20

Moves object to mouth with hands
Distinct facial expressions

Question 21

4 months

Answer 21

Drool without swallowing
Begins to reach out to people

Question 22

5 month

Answer 22

Sleeps through night without waking
Discriminates between family and strangers

Question 23

5-7 months

Answer 23

Begins to cut teeth

Question 24

6 months

Answer 24

Sits upright in high chair
Begins making one syllable sounds

Question 25

7 months

Answer 25

Exhibits fear of strangers
Moods shift quickly

Question 26

8 months

Answer 26

Begins responding to ‘no’
Can sit alone
Can play peek-a-boo

Question 27

9 months

Answer 27

Responds to adult anger
Pulls self up to standing position
Explores objects by mouthing, sucking, chewing and biting

Question 28

10 months

Answer 28

Pays attention to own name
Crawls well

Question 29

11 months

Answer 29

Attempts to walk without assistance
Begins to show frustration about restrictions

Question 30

12 months

Answer 30

Walks with help
Knows own name

Question 31

Primary means of communication

Answer 31

Crying

Question 32

Scaffolding

Answer 32

Learning by building on what she already knows

Question 33

Temperament

Answer 33

Reaction to her environment

Question 34

Trust vs mistrust

Answer 34

Prefers orderly environment rather than irregular, can develop anxiety

Question 35

Bonding

Answer 35

Needs are met