Infancy Flashcards
(44 cards)
Average newborn weight
5p 8o - 8p 13 o
average newborn length
19.5”—–29.5” @ 12 months———34.4” @ 2 yo—
what happens to infant weight in the first few days after birth
weight typically drops -5% as they eliminate waste and get used to feeding
how long for an infant to double from birth weight? How long to triple?
Double @ 4 months——–Triple @ One year
weight at 40th percentile means what?
40% lighter, 60% heavier
what is “failure to thrive”
significant drop in weight percentile
Head proportions (body length) @ womb, birth
womb = 50% ——— birth = 25%
What organ experiences the most dramatic growth in the first 2 years?
The brain. At birth it is –25% adult weight. At 2 yo it is – 75% adult weight. At 6 yo it is –95% and at 7 yo –100%
“Transient Exuberance”
temporary dramatic brain growth. Exuberant because rapid. Transient because temporary. Occurs during the first few years of life. Primarily occurring in the dendrites.
What occurs after period of dramatic brain growth?
Pruning. Thought to make remaining more efficiently. Continues through childhood and into adolescence. Primarily in the dendrites.
Growth period of prefrontal cortex
Continues to grow through childhood. Additional growth spurt during adolescence
Myelin development. When does it primarily occur?
During the first few years of life. Continues in to adolescence.
When do basic motor skills develop?
All basic motor skills develop in the first 2 years of life
What movements do basic motor skills begin with?
reflexes—-breathing reflex (includes hiccups, sneezing, thrashing), reflexes for thermoregulation (crying, shivering, tucking legs close, pushing away blankets), sucking reflex, rooting reflex (turning cheek towards any object that touches the cheek–manages feeding, search for nipple)(
Non-survival reflexes: Babinski reflex, palmar grasp, “moro” reflex
toes fanning upward when foot stroked; grasp objects placed in palm; “moro” = babies will fling arms out and then to chest if they hear a loud noise
Direction of motor development?
cephalocaudal (head-down) and proximodistal (center-out)————-ie first learn to hold head up, then sit with assistance, then sit unassisted, followed by crawling..
Average age babies are able to hold their head up?
6 weeks. 90% achieve between 3 weeks and 4 months. Past 4 months = delay.
Average age for sitting?
7 months. 90% between 5-9 months
What are gross motor skills?
Voluntary movement of large muscle groups—-ie picking chin up while lying on stomach, rocking back and forth n hands and knees
Fine motor skills?
Finer, more exact novements of hands, fingers, etc—-ie ability to reach and grasp object. Focused in the fingers, toes, and eyes. –4 months able to reach for object with both hands + few weeks to single hand reaching
When does the use of thumbs occur?
–9 months. Forefinger and thumb = “pincer grasp”
“sensation” versus “perception”
interaction with sensory receptors, process of interpreting what is sensed.
Most poorly developed sense at birth?
Sight
When will infants begin observing faces in more than very simple detail?
2 or 3 months. ie looking at chin versus scanning the face
