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EDS200 > INFANCY quiz > Flashcards

INFANCY quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

what is development

A

pattern of change overtime from conception to end of life

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2
Q

what counts as developmental change?

A

it must follow a logical pattern, moving toward more complexity

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3
Q

what do reflexes do

A

they automate and control movement

help us with basic instincts

they lead to more fine and gross motor skills

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4
Q

list the names of all the reflexes discussed

A

rooting
sucking
Moro
babinski
grasping

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5
Q

diff bw fine motor and gross motor skills

A

fine: intricate muscles used
gross: large muscles used

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6
Q

list the names of milestones for gross motor skills

A

head control
rolling over
crawling

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7
Q

list the names of milestones for fine motor skills

A

holding a rattle
reach + grasp for things
hitting cup w spoon
pincer grasp (i think?)

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8
Q

describe rooting

A

reaction to mouth being touched

important for feeding

leaves after 3-4 months

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9
Q

describe sucking

A

object in/touching mouth

sucks suddenly

leaves after 3-4 months

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10
Q

describe Moro reflex

A

reaction to sudden stimulation

body expands outward then contracts inward (protection response)

goes away at 3-4 months, when infant learns they do not need to be scared

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11
Q

describe Babinski reflex

A

infants foot expands when sole is stroked

goes away 9 months - 1 yr

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12
Q

describe grasping

A

infant has very tight grip when something in hand

weakens at 3mo, gone at 1yr

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13
Q

describe the rolling over milestone

A

baby rolls both ways , leads to mobility

occurs around 2-5 months

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14
Q

describe the head control milestone

A

baby can support itself

occurs within first few weeks

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15
Q

describe the crawling milestone

A

leads to walking and more independence

occurs 8-10 months

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16
Q

how has crawling changed in recent times and why?

A

a lot of babies crawl on the floor using their hands now, where as its usually involving bent knees and their torso being off the floor

this is due to more awareness of SIDS, so moms dont sleep with their baby face on their stomach anymore and muscles develop in different ways

now called “froggy crawl”

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17
Q

describe the holding a rattle milestone

A

baby has control over their hands

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18
Q

describe the reach and grasp milestone

A

babys use their whole palm (palmers grasp) to grab things

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19
Q

describe the hit a cup with a spoon milestone

A

occurs at 10 months

they learn that manipulating one object can manipulate another

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20
Q

describe the pincer grasp milestone

A

10-11 months

use index finger n thumb to pick up items, which is the next step after palmer grasp

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21
Q

list a few toys that encourage motor development

A

shape sorter

magnets

etc

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22
Q

cephalocaudal growth

A

starts at top with physical growth and feature differentiation (top to bottom)

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23
Q

proximodistal growth

Study These Flashcards
A

starts at center of body and moves toward extremities

controlling arms before hands

24
Q

why do infants drop weight right after birth

Study These Flashcards
A

they lose fluid weight bc they pee a lot

25
why are some babies bigger at birth
genetics late delivery diet of mama
26
what are the two most frustrating things for parents (regarding infants)
sleep and nutrition
27
at what age do babies stop being universal listeners? why?
10 months, because they arent using their neural connections
28
what is universal listening
baby can distinguish sounds from other languages when compared to english sounds
29
what are 2 key factors of Piaget's sensorimotor stage
goal directed behaviour (using specific actions to achieve goals) object permanence
30
what is communication based on
symbolic system: series of sounds make words represent things
31
learning language requires ____ ________
inter subjectivity (sharing a common focus)
32
describe the flow chart for how language develops
recognize language sounds > crying/cooing/babbling > gestures + baby signs > first words > holophrases > telegraphic speech
33
what are baby signs + the goals of it + the results
ex: rubbing belly to show "hungry" advantage of it stops at age 3 goal is to reduce behaviour issues and frustration for infants when trying to express themselves parents report +ve interactions w baby encourages parents to use infant directed speech
34
discuss the crying/cooing/babbling stage
crying - starts at birth (to indicate pain) cooing - starts at 2-4 months (using vowel like sounds to express pleasure) babbling - starts at 6 months (putting vowels + consonants together)
35
when is the gesture phase
8-12 months
36
discuss the first words phase
starts at 12-13 months usually words of objects around the child (bc they are egocentric) within 1 yr, they understand 50 words, but they cant say 50 words, so receptive language > expressive language
37
discuss the holophrases phase
when they express a sentence worth of meaning by only using one word (ex: "up") at 18 months they start using 2 words, which is when the variability in language development begins
38
what is telegraphic speech
short, simple sentences with mainly content words and no connecting words ("the" or "a") ex: Carly want cookie
39
what is Chomsky's view of language development?
- kids are born with a language acquisition device, which activates as children mature and is biologically based (all kids have it) - believes the environment only determines what language the kid will speak
40
what is the current view of language development?
adults and older kids encourage natural language development in younger kids and make up the language acquisition support system (LASS) thus, LASS helps the LAD
41
what type of literacy are infants interested in
emergent literacy
42
define emergent literacy
skills knowledge and attitudes presumed to be the developmental precursors of reading + writing ex: recognizing signs and labels
43
what is the strongest factor of literacy development
family literacy (what happens at home)
44
how do kids learn about the world?
social orientation (face 2 face play) locomotion (aids in independence) social referencing ( reading emotional cues of others -> adventure)
45
how does attachment develop?
parental responsiveness and warmth can be influenced by childs temperament as it influences how infants react
46
difference between stranger anxiety and attachment
attachment is the means that the child uses to downplay their stress from a stranger
47
how many PHASES of attachment are there (not types)
4
48
describe all 4 phases of attachment
1 - birth - 2 mo - drawn to humans 2 - 2-7 mo - focus on one human (know familiar vs unfamiliar) 3 - 7-24 mo - seek regular contact w caregivers 4 - 24+ mo - aware of others goals/feelings/actions
49
what is Ainsworth's most important finding regarding attachment?
behaviour of the child in the lab situation strongly predicted quality of their adjustment by early adulthood - securely attached kids became well balanced teens/adults, while insecure ones did not
50
define attachment security
confidence that the secure person will always be there for them
51
state the 4 types of attachment
secure insecure avoidant insecure resistant / ambivalent insecure disorganized
52
what do we want in good child care
low staff to child ratio well trained staff opportunities for education, language, and social stimulation low staff turnover have good communication with parents/caregivers
53
childrens negative behaviour _______ when they hear ______ behaviour being praised during elementary.
derceases, positive
54
state 3 key parts for experimental studies
a variable is manipulated measure if variable causes change in another variable tries to control for external factors that may influence results
55
what are the possible outcomes of correlations
A causes B B causes A C causes A and B
56

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