infant g&d

Question 1

weight

Answer 1

gain 1 oz/day until 6Mj old

doubles wt by 6M, triples by 1 yr

Question 2

height

Answer 2

1 inch/month until 6M

increases by 50% by 1 yr

Question 3

head

Answer 3

0.5 inches/month for first 6M - brain is growing rapidly during this time

Question 4

fontanelles

Answer 4

anterior - closes by 12-18 months (can uses to assess hydration)

posterior - closes by 6-8 wks of age

Question 5

vision

Answer 5

birth - 1M - follows object to midline, can see 8-10 in away

2M - lift and look

3M - interested in faces; begins to associate visual stimuli & event; recognize feeding bottle

4M - hand regard, follows past midline; recognizes familiar objects; follows parents; anticipates feeding on seeing bottle

6M - recognize parents; directed reach; depth perception

7M - transfer hand to hand

10M - object permanence (realize it still exists if object is hidden, will look for)

Question 6

hearing

Answer 6

discriminate to mother’s voice at birth

3-6M - localizes sound; begins to understand few words

6-12M - says first meaninful word

12M - hears and follows simple command

Question 7

tooth eruption

Answer 7

5-6M
low grade fever
fussiness

Question 8

motor development

1M

Answer 8

marked head lag

hand predominantly closed

Question 9

motor development

2M

Answer 9

holds head erect in mid-position

turn from side to back

Question 10

motor development

3M

Answer 10

can hold head up & steady
open or close hand loosely
desires to grasp

Question 11

motor development

4M

Answer 11

can lift up head and support wt with hands
sit with adequate support
hold head erect & steady while in sitting position
brings hands together in midline & plays with fingers
grasps objects with both hands (5M as well)

Question 12

motor development

5M

Answer 12

rolls from belly to back
two-handed voluntary grasp
balance head well when sitting
sit with slight support
pull feet up to mouth when supine
grasp objects with whole hand
hold one object while looking at another

Question 13

motor development

6M

Answer 13

no head lag
rolls from belly to belly
can sit with support - sit alone briefly
intentional brings things to mouth (4-6M)
holds bottle
grasps feet
can lift chest and upper abdomen when prone

Question 14

motor development

7M

Answer 14

can tripod sit
bear all their wt on legs (6-7M)
transfers from hand to hand
hold cup
imitate simple acts of others

Question 15

motor development

8M

Answer 15

can sit unsupported
drink from cup with assistance
eat finger food that can be held in one hand

Question 16

motor development

9M

Answer 16

stands holding furniture
pincer grasp begins to develop (8-9M)
hold one bottle with good hand-mouth coordination

Question 17

motor development

10M

Answer 17

can go into sitting position from prone or supine (9-10M)
crawl forward on belly first (8-10M)
walk but with help
bring the hands together

Question 18

motor development

11M

Answer 18

true crawl (creep-full support of body on knees & hands)
stand erect with minimal support

Question 19

motor development

12M

Answer 19

cruises around furniture (10-12M)
stand alone for variable length of time
walks well with one hand held
can sit down from upright position (10-12M)
pincer grasp refined (11-12M)

Question 20

Kohlberg: Preconventional Morality - Obedience and Punishment Orientation

Answer 20

• children don’t speak as members of society
• they see morality as something external to themselves; what the big ppl say they must do
• child assumes that powerful authorities hand down a fixed set of rules which he or she must unquestioningly obey

Question 21

Erikson: Trust v. Mistrust

Answer 21

• in “sync” with caregiver
• infant can’t tolerate frustration
• entirely dependent upon caregiver
• quality of care child receives plays an important role in shaping of child’s personality
• don’t understand delayed gratification

Question 22

Piaget: Sensorimotor

Answer 22

• progression from simple reflexes to simple repetitive acts
• separation
• object permanence
• begin to use symbols
• intelligence takes the form of motor actions

Question 23

Piaget: Sensorimotor stages

Answer 23

• Reflexive (Birth to 1M)
• Primary circular reactions (1-4M)
• Secondary circular reactions (4-8M)
• Coordination of secondary (9-12M)

Question 24

Piaget
Reflexive stage (cognitive development)

Answer 24

birth to 1M
Repetitious use of reflexes establishing pattern of experiences
Totally narcissistic (self-centered) being

Question 25

``` Piaget Reflexive stage (behavior) ```

Answer 25

``` birth to 1M Mostly reflective (e.g., sucking, swallowing, rooting, grasping, crying) Little or no tolerance for frustration of delayed gratification ```

Question 26

Piaget | Primary circular reactions (cognitive development)

Answer 26

1-4M Use of reflexes gradually replaced by voluntary activity Recognition of causality occurring when repetition of events causes one stimulus to produce consistent response Beginning notion of temporal space of time as infant realizes progression of orderly sequence of events Beginning separation of self from others Learns from type of interaction between objects or individual rather than from object itself Engages in activity for pleasure of the activity more than for its results

Question 27

Piaget | Primary circular reactions (behavior)

Answer 27

1-4M Recognizes familiar faces and objects (e.g., bottle) Shows anticipation before feeding Shows awareness of strange surroundings, indicating memory Discovers parts of own body—plays with hands, fingers, feet Becomes bored when left alone Shows no separation anxiety unless caregiver's skill differs from usual routine

Question 28

Piaget | secondary circular reactions (cognitive development)

Answer 28

4-8M - Intentional activity replaces repetitious activity that did not produce desired result - Beginning of object permanence when object is beyond perceptual range - Progressive idea of time; awareness of before and after in sequence of events - Able to imitate selective activity from several events - Further separation of self from environment - Idea of quality and quantity - Beginning recognition of symbols as type of communication

Question 29

Piaget | secondary circular reactions (behavior)

Answer 29

4-8M - Secures objects by pulling on string - Searches for objects that have fallen - Shows separation anxiety - Able to tolerate some frustration and delayed gratification - Imitates sounds and simple gestures - Shows interest in mirror image - Beginning independence in self-feeding - Shows displeasure if activity is inhibited - Language development; attracts attention by methods other than crying - Realizes that parents are present even if not in visual field

Question 30

Piaget | coordination of secondary schemas (cognitive dev.)

Answer 30

9-12M Concept of object permanence advancing; beginning of intellectual reasoning Associates symbols with events, but classification is based on own experience Distinguishes objects from related activity and perceives them as objects Distinguishes end products from their means; attempts to remove barriers to achieve the end

Question 31

Piaget | coordination of secondary schemas (behavior)

Answer 31

9-12M - Actively searches for hidden object - Comprehends meanings of words and simple commands - Know that gestures (e.g., bye-bye, kiss) have certain meanings - Is able to put objects in container - Works to get toy that is out of reach - Ventures away from parent to explore surroundings

Question 32

Infant social development

Answer 32

1 week - show preference for human face 6-8 weeks - social smile 3M - show excitement at new things 6M - personable & interactive 7M - imitate actions & noises, shows displeasure 8M - imitate sounds 10M - playing games like pat a cake & peekaboo 9-10M - understand simple commands and "no" 12M - very interactive, show pleasure & displeasure, do some things themselves

Question 33

stranger fear occurs at what age

Answer 33

6-7M become leary of people they don't know testament of bonding with parent

Question 34

separation anxiety, what age

Answer 34

9-10M

Question 35

infants have no concept of ....

Answer 35

bodily harm | don't have to hide IVs, injections

Question 36

infant sensory development

Answer 36

hearing and touch well developed at birth sight not fully developed until 6 yrs 2M - smiles, searches and turns head to locate sounds 6M - taste preferences 7M - responds to own name 12M - able to follow objects, can vocalize 4 words