Infant Growth and Development

Question 1

What is preterm?

Answer 1

less than 37 weeks

Late preterm is newborn born at 34 weeks to 36 weeks.

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 10). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 2

Classify LBW?

Answer 2

Low birth weight (LBW) ≤ 2,500 g
(1) Very low birth weight (VLBW) ≤ 1,500 g
(2) Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) ≤ 1,000 g

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 10). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 3

Symmetric IUGR vs Asymmetric IUGR

Answer 3

Symmetric intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)—weight, length, and head circumference are SGA; reflects long-standing compromise and/or factors that are intrinsic to the infant such as a syndrome complex\

Asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)—underweight for length and head circumference; reflects acute compromise extrinsic to fetus such as placental insufficiency

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 10). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 4

When do newborns regain their birthweight?

Answer 4

Initial 8–10% weight loss in average newborn in first 3–4 days of life is usually regained by 7 days if formula fed, 14 days if breastfed

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 10). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 5

Weight 6 months?
Weight 1 year?
Weight 2 years?

Answer 5

Weight doubles by 6 months, triples by 1 year, and quadruples by 2 years

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 10). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 6

Growth chart for <2years old?
Growth chart for >2 years old?

Answer 6

<2 WHO
>2 CDC

Question 7

Length increase 1 year?
4 years?

Answer 7

Length usually increases by 50% by 1 year, doubles by 4 years,

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 10). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 8

How many inch/month for 6 months or less?
How many inch per month 6+ month?

Answer 8

years—increases by 1 inch (2.54 cm) per month during first 6 months, and then 0.5 inch (1.3 cm) per month through first year

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 10). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 9

When does cranial sutures/fontanels close?

Answer 9

Cranial sutures close during first year of life

Posterior fontanel closes by 6–8 weeks of age

Anterior fontanel closes by 12–18 months of age

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 10). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 10

Binocular Vision development age?

Answer 10

develops between 4 and 6 months

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 11). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 11

Visual acuity development?

Answer 11

Visual acuity is difficult to measure during infancy;
distance acuity has been estimated between 20/150 and 20/400 in newborns,

improves to 20/70 by 2 years,

and 20/30 by 5 years

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 11). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 12

Language development

Birth-5 months

Answer 12

Coos Vocalizes pleasure and displeasure sounds differently (laughs, giggles, cries, or fusses) Makes noise when talked to

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 12). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 13

Language development

6-11 months?

Answer 13

Understands “no-no” Babbles (says “ba-ba-ba”)
Says “ma-ma” or “da-da” without meaning
Tries to communicate by actions or gestures Tries to repeat your sounds Says first word

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 12). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 14

Language development

12–17 months

Answer 14

Answers simple questions nonverbally

Says two to three words to label a person or object (pronunciation may not be clear)

Tries to imitate simple words

Vocabulary of four to six words

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 12). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 15

Language development

18-23 months

Answer 15

Vocabulary of 50 words, pronunciation is often unclear

Asks for common foods by name

Makes animal sounds, such as “moo”

Starts to combine words, such as “more milk”

Begins to use pronouns, such as “mine”

Uses two-word phrases

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 12). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 16

When does social smile begin?

Answer 16

6 weeks or 2 months

Question 17

Age for Stranger Anxiety?

Answer 17

begins around 6 months and peaks about 12 months;

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 12). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 18

Age for separation anxiety?

Answer 18

begins between 8 and 9 months and peaks around 14 months

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 12). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 19

Motor Milestones

Birth-3 months

Answer 19

• Lifts and turns head when lying prone
• When lying supine, will turn head to hear or see something
• Random movements become more purposeful but are typically large, jerky movements
• Brings hands to mouth
• Grasp is a reflex

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 13). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 20

Motor Milestones

3-6 months

Answer 20

• Actively moves arm (reaches and swipes) when child sees an object of interest
• Grasps object voluntarily Plays with own hands and feet
• Watches/plays with hands/toys at midline Transfers toys from hand to hand
• When lying prone, lifts head and chest with weight on hands
• Holds head upright and steady Rolls from stomach to back and back to stomach

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 13). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 21

Motor Milestones

6-9 months

Answer 21

Uses index finger to poke Holds an object in each hand and plays with each Transfers objects from hand to hand Pivots on stomach Pulls to hands and knees Sits without help, plays with toys

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 13). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 22

Motor Milestones

9-12 months?

Answer 22

• Picks things up with pincer grasp (thumb and one finger)
• Drops and picks up a toy
• Manipulates toys with hands and fingers
• Uses both hands together to play Creeps (moves forward on hands and knees)
• Pulls to standing Stands without support
• Walks with support Can take independent steps

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 13). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.

Question 23

Motor Milestones

12-18 months?

Answer 23

• Walks alone Begins to walk sideways and backward
• Comes to standing without support
• Crawls up and down stairs
• Picks up small objects Stacks one object on top of another
• Puts objects in and dumps them out of containers
• Pulls apart objects, such as pop beads
• Fits single puzzle pieces Scribbles

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne; Sloand, Elizabeth D.. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide (p. 13). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Kindle Edition.