Infant Health

Question 1

Infancy: 28 days to 12 months

health supervision visits at:

Answer 1

1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months

Question 2

Screening:
> Tb is screened for at -1- visit(s)
> -2- follow up?
> H&H @ -3-
> -4-: every visit up to age 2
> Dental development starting at -5-

Answer 2

1. all six
2. Bili
3. 4 months (Rh incompatible, ABO, Koontz positive)
4. Length, weight, head circumference
5. six months through 36 months (first and last tooth eruption)

Question 3

Infant vitals:
HR: -1-
RR: -2-
Avg BP: -3-

Answer 3

1. 100-150
2. 30-55
3. 100/65

Question 4

Infant Head Assessment
Fontanel assessment - every visit up to -1-
Head control at -2-
Also assess for -3-

Answer 4

1. 18 months
2. 4 months (very mild lag, if any)
3. micro-/macrocephaly

Question 5

Neck
Assess for: Masses; -1-; -2- (esp. in LGA
babies

Tonsillar -3-: clue to -4- problem/tonsillar -5-

Answer 5

1. crepitus
2. clavicular fracture
3. asymmetry
4. airway
5. hypertrophy

Question 6

Skin: -1- spots, -2-, -3- edema (tip to -4- disease)

Answer 6

1. Mongolian
2. hemangiomas
3. periorbital
4. cardiac

Question 7

Assessment
Nose
> flattened: -1-
> flaring -2-

Answer 7

1. FAS, DiGeorge?

2. respiratory; c-section? tachypnea/TTM?

Question 8

Mouth: -1-, -2-, -3- (healthy?), -4- (-5- = malabsorption/vitamin deficiency)

Answer 8

1. size
2. clefts
3. teeth
4. lips
5. cheilosis/cheilitis

Question 9

Assess strength of cry: cri-du-chat =

Answer 9

high-pitched cry, indicative of genetic disease (5p deletion)

Question 10

Chest: naked for breathing; shape? (-1-)
heart: -2-
Breasts in both males & females: -3-; -4-

Answer 10

1. barrell, pectus excavatum or carinatum
2. murmurs, clicks, thrills
3. gynecomastia, galactorrhea
4. physiologic up to 2 months

Question 11

Abdomen: liver palpation, diastinus recti - the -1- where the -2- haven’t yet -3-

Answer 11

1. midline ridge
2. abdominal muscles
3. fully grown to center

Question 12

Genitalia: boys: -1-, -2- location

girls - -3-, -4-

Answer 12

1. two palpable testicles
2. meatus
3. symmetrical
4. seperable inner & outer labia

Question 13

Hip assessment: O&B are hard to do -1-; Alice sign: -2-: -3- same -4-

Answer 13

1. on older children
2. uneven leg length
3. hips, knees at
4. level while standing

Question 14

Assessment of skin folds: -1-, -2-, and -3-

> Look for -4-

Answer 14

1. gluteal
2. popliteal
3. upper thigh
4. symmetry

Question 15

Lymph nodes: cause for alarm: -1-, EMERGENCY - concerning for -2-

Answer 15

1. supraclavicular

2. mediastinal mass

Question 16

Development scales:

Bayley (-1- scales; age range: -2-), newborn -3-assessment, -4- questionnaire, denver -5-

Answer 16

1. Cognitive, Language, & Motor Scales
2. 1 month to 3.5 years (42 months)
3. behavioral
4. ages & stages
5. developmental scales

Question 17

Cognitive development
> Visual
>> -1-
>> -2-
>> Also assess -3- health

Answer 17

1. blink reflex
2. pupillary constriction
3. retina & optical neural

Question 18

Hearing: loss of -1- “Hearing Loss”

High risk: -2-, NICU babies -3-

Answer 18

1. > 20dB is considered
2. premies
3. on IV antibiotics

Question 19

Psychosocial development
-1- between caregiver and child–> work with the -2- them understand -3-
Mismatch –> increased rates of -4-
Questions like “What’s -5-?” are preferable over disgussing temperament proper.

Answer 19

1. Mismatch of temperament
2. family to help
3. the child’s temperament
4. abuse & poor bonding
5. your baby like

Question 20

Major social developmental landmarks
6-8 months: -1-
9 months: -2-

Answer 20

1. Stranger anxiety

2. separation anxieity

Question 21

• 1-: bond between child and parent(s)

- 2- routinely; -3-

Answer 21

1. Attachment
2. Check in
3. build the relationship

Question 22

-1-: parents who are struggling to -2-; child with -3-

Answer 22

1. Detachment issues
2. empathize
3. autism?

Question 23

AG: Breast/bottle feeding - supplement considerations: -1- from -2- until -3-; -4- if -5-
Weaning to formula - replacing -6- feed(s), and work our way to replacing -7- feed(s)

Answer 23

1. Iron
2. age 4 months (1 month in premies)
3. fortified in cereal/solids
4. Vit D from day 3
5. exclusively breastfeeding (Formula is often fortified)
6. middle of day
7. morning and evening

Question 24

Breastfeeding is good even if mother is

Answer 24

HIV+

Question 25

There is -3- baby formula (they are FDA approved). Ask about -1- growth -2-.

Answer 25

1. concoctions/mixing habits if 2. is extreme (high or low) 3. no universal, best

Question 26

Input | From -1-: breastfeeding -2-; formula is -3-; age 2 months: -4- ; age 6-12 months: -5-

Answer 26

1. age 2 days 2. is on demand 3. 1-2 oz. every 2-3 hrs 4. 4-5 oz every 3-4 hrs 5. 5-6x day (higher volume)

Question 27

Output - Infants | -1- in -2-

Answer 27

1. 6 wet diapers | 2. 24 hours

Question 28

Solid Foods - Infants | Age -1-: fortified -2-, -3-; introducing -4- every -5-.

Answer 28

1. 6 months 2. cereal with iron 3. pureed foods 4. 1 new food 5. 3-5 days

Question 29

Drink concerns: no -1- or -2- | no -3- before -4-

Answer 29

1. cow's milk 2. juice before 12 months 3. sugary/caffeinated drinks 4. 2 years

Question 30

Infant Dental Health No -1-: causes -2- cleaning: -3- 1st dentist appointment: -4-

Answer 30

1. bottle in bed 2. bottle teeth/rot/caries 3. toothbrush/washcloth & water 4. age 12 mo

Question 31

Sleeping pattern in infants: -1- the -2- | Orientation: -3-; no -4-; pacifier use: -5-

Answer 31

1. 8-12 hrs/night in 2. first year (with naps during the day) 3. back to sleep 4. suffocation risks (pillows, blankets, plushies, etc) 5. only while sleeping (keep it in the bed, speech/language development)

Question 32

Purpose of tummy time: to develop -1-, leads up to -2-

Answer 32

1. strong chest/arms | 2. rolling

Question 33

Screen time: -1- age -2-

Answer 33

1. 0 screens before | 2. 18 months

Question 34

``` Injury prevention in infancy: > -1- (interactive baby) >> -2- >> -3-, gazing >> sitting, -4- >> -5- ```

Answer 34

1. sensory monitoring 2. laughter 3. eye contact 4. raising head appropriately 5. turning to sound

Question 35

Infection/-2-: -1- old with a -2-: perform a -3-

Answer 35

1. <28 days 2. fever (rectal - 100.4/38) 3. septic workup (Group B Strep?)

Question 36

Common cause(s) of fever in young infants?

Answer 36

*UTI* (and URI, etc)

Question 37

Allergy Considerations in Infancy Peanut allergies in baby or family: -1- the -2-, -3- EATING -4- Major risk, testing: -5-

Answer 37

1. atopy: hives around 2. mouth 3. nausea/vomiting AFTER 4. PEANUTS 5. asphyxiation. Skin/RAST testing

Question 38

Input Age -1-: transition to -2- Premies may -3-

Answer 38

1. 12 months 2. whole milk (fat globules help with neuro development). 3. need added protein (even to breastmilk)

Question 39

Solid Food - Infants appropriate food for level of -6- Increase -7- size of baby; airway is roughly -8- start to -9-; strict adherence to -11-

Answer 39

6. fine motor development 7. chunk size with 8. dime-sized throughout infancy 9. introduce high-allergen foods (peanut puffs, shellfish) at 6 mo 11. individual food introduction (3-5 days)

Question 40

The Denver II is not a diagnostic tool but a screening tool that identifies -1- in children from -2-. The Ages and Stages questionnaire identifies children with developmental problems but only from the ages of -3-. The cognitive adaptive test is a neurodevelopment tool for the cognitive assessment of children -4-. The M-CHAT screens children aged -5- for autism spectrum disorders.

Answer 40

1. developmental delay risk 2. birth to 6 yr 3. 4 mo to 5 yr 4. < 36 months 5. 16 to 30 mo

Question 41

-1- are the leading cause of death among infants between birth and 1 year of age. -2-, -3-, and -4- are more common causes of death in -5-.

Answer 41

1. Developmental/genetic disorders 2. Accidents 3. cancer 4. homicide 5. older children