Infant Hip Joint

Question 1

When a person crosses his or her legs in a sitting position, which one of the following muscle groups is used?

Answer 1

Adductors

Question 2

The gluteus maximus muscle is also known as a(n) ______________ muscle.

Answer 2

extensor

Question 3

Sonographic examination of the infant hip is performed with a(n) _______________ transducer.

Answer 3

Linear array

Question 4

Which one of the following is moving sideways outward?

Answer 4

abduction

Question 5

Which one of the following describes the femoral head completely out of the acetabulum?

Answer 5

Dislocated hip

Question 6

The femur is surrounded by all of the following structures except:

Answer 6

Bursa

Question 7

The ligament in the shape of an inverted y or V passing from the anteroinferior iliac spine to each end of the intertrochanteric line is the _______________ ligament.

Answer 7

Iliofemoral

Question 8

The coronal neutral view of the subluxed infant hip demonstrates which one of the following?

Answer 8

femoral head gradually migrating superiorly and laterally with decreased coverage of the femoral head

Question 9

A type IV hip has an alpha angle of _______________ degrees and a beta angle of _______________ degrees

Answer 9

less than 43, immeasurable

Question 10

The alpha angle is the angle between the ___________ and the ______________.

Answer 10

baseline, acetabulum roof line

Question 11

The hip of a normal infant has a Graf alpha angle of ____________ degrees.

Answer 11

less than 60

Question 12

Bending the hip backward is called:

Answer 12

extension

Question 13

In the “push-pull” maneuver, which one of the following findings is seen in the normal hip in the coronal neutral view?

Answer 13

The femoral head is never seen over the posterior lip of the acetabulum

Question 14

The physical signs of the development of a displacement of the hip include all of the following except:

Answer 14

extreme abduction

Question 15

Select the maneuver that induces a “clunk” as the femoral head returns to the acetabulum.

Answer 15

Ortolani

Question 16

In the ____________ maneuver, down and outward pressure is applied with the patient lying in a supine position with the hip adducted and flexed 90 degrees

Answer 16

Barlow

Question 17

In the coronal neutral view, the sonographic finding of a frankly dislocated hip is which one of the following?

Answer 17

the labrum may be deformed

Question 18

Which movement does the psoas major, iliacus, and rectus femoris provide?

Answer 18

Flexion

Question 19

With treatment of hip displacement using the Pavlik harness, the hip should be positioned in flexion with adduction and ____________ rotation.

Answer 19

external

Question 20

Choose the diagnostic criteria for subluxation.

Answer 20

femoral head coverage of lower than 39%

Question 21

The hip bones are the fusion of three separate bones. Which one of the following bones does not belong in this group?

Answer 21

Femur

Question 22

The articulation of the head of the femur with the acetabulum of the hip bone forms the _______________.

Answer 22

Hip joint

Question 23

Which one of the following hips gives the appearance of a “ball on a spoon” in the mid-acetabulum in the coronal flexion view?

Answer 23

normal

Question 24

The sonographic protocol of the basic hip anatomy is imaged in _____ different views.

Answer 24

four

Question 25

Indications for sonography of the neonatal hip include all of the following except:

Answer 25

Sacral dimple