Infection Flashcards
Opsonisation
a process in which a pathogen is coated with antibodies and/or complement and marked for phagocytosis
Characteristic of cell wall in gram positive organism
- lipid membrane
- thick peptidoglycan layer known as murein
- purple stain
Characteristics of gram-negative organism
- thin layer of peptidoglycan layer
- pink stain
The role of a flagella on a bacterial cell fulfils which one of the following functions?
- They help an organism in movement. - They act as sensory organs to detect temperature and pH changes.
All viruses have
capsid
Streptokinase provides which one of the following survival advantages to a bacterial cell?
break up blood clots so that they can spread from the initial site of infection
A patient presents with a sore throat, the GP has assessed the person and stated that the throat is sore as a result of virial infection. Which one of the following most likely explains why the person has developed a pain?
Sore throat most often is caused by direct infection of the pharynx (pharyngitis), primarily by viruses or bacteria.
- tissue becomes irritated and inflamed
A patient who received chemotherapy for a breast cancer 1 week ago presents with a temperature of 38oC and a sore throat. Which one of the following such be prioritised in the management of this lady?
- Swabs for bacteriology and virology
- Regular pain relief as appropriate.
- Other useful agents to consider are:
- Difflam mouthwash or spray
- Gelclair is very effective.
Beta lactamase contributes to antimicrobial resistance in which one of the following ways?
by breaking the antibiotics’ structure.
Protease inhibitors operate in which one of the following ways to exercise their therapeutic effect?
- Protease inhibitors interfere with HIV’s ability to make new viruses inside the CD4 cells.
- Specifically, they block an enzyme known as protease.
- Protease breaks down HIV proteins, using those smaller particles to make new viruses that can mature and spread.
Types of protease inhibitors
- atazanavir, brand name Reyataz
- darunavir, brand name Prezista
- fosamprenavir, brand name Lexiva
- saquinavir, brand name Invirase
- tipranavir, brand name Aptivus
When treating a mycoplasma infection which one of the following should be considered?
- do not have cell walls.
- small compared to other bacteria.
- many antibiotics kill bacteria by weakening those walls. Since mycoplasma bacteria don’t have them, some antibiotics, like penicillin, won’t work against them.
