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MSRA > infection > Flashcards

infection Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Lyme disease rx:
1st line
2nd line (if cannot have above)

A

doxycycline
amoxicillin

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2
Q

latent TB rx (2 options)

A

3 months of isoniazid (with pyridoxine) and rifampicin
or
6 months of isoniazid (with pyridoxine)

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3
Q

active TB rx

A

initial phase (1st 2 months)
- Rifampicin
- Izoniazid
- pyrazinamide
- ethambutol

continuation phase (next 4 months)
- rifampacin
- izoniazid

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4
Q

rifampacin SE (4)

A

potent liver enzyme inducer
hepatitis
orange secretions
flu-like symptoms

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5
Q

isoniazid SE (4)

A

peripheral neuropathy: prevent with pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
hepatitis
agranulocytosis
liver enzyme inhibitor

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6
Q

pyrazinamide SE (4)

A

hyperuricaemia causing gout
arthralgia
myalgia
hepatitis

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7
Q

ethambutol SE (1)

A

optic neuritis: check visual acuity before and during treatment

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8
Q

campylobacter rx
(treat only in severe infection as is usually self-limiting)

A

clarithromycin

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9
Q

necrotising fasciitis causative organism:
type 1
type 2

A

type 1: mixed aerobes and anaerobes (more common)
type 2: strep pyogenes

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10
Q

cellulitis management
& in penicillin allergic

A
  1. flucloxacillin
  2. clarithromycin, erythromycin (if pregnant), doxy
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11
Q

giardiasis (giardia lamblia)

RF (3)

A

foreign travel
swimming/ drinking river water
MSM

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12
Q

giardiasis (giardia lamblia)
features (8)

A

often asymptomatic
non-bloody diarrhoea
steatorrhoea
bloating, abdominal pain
lethargy
flatulence
weight loss
malabsorption and lactose intolerance can occur

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13
Q

giardiasis (giardia lamblia)
mgt

A

metronidazole

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14
Q

metronidazole interactions (2):

A

disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol
increases the anticoagulant effect of warfarin

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15
Q

chlamydia mgt (1st and 2nd line)

A
  1. doxycycline
  2. azithromycin
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16
Q

live attenuated vaccines

A

BOOMY

BCG
oral polio
oral typhoid
MMR
yellow fever

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17
Q

typhoid mgt:

A

ciprofloxacin (only in severe infections or immunocomprimised)

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18
Q

inactivated vaccines

A

rabies
HEp A
influenza (im)

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19
Q

toxoid (inactivated toxin)

A

tetanus
diphtheria
pertussis

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20
Q

how many tetanus vaccines confer life-long protection?

A

5

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21
Q

meningitis mgt

i. pre-hospital
ii. in hospital
iii. mgt of contacts

A

i. im benzylpenicillin

ii.cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone)
& amoxicillin (ampicillin if >50 or <3 months )

iii. oral cipro/ rifampicin

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22
Q

mgt of meningitis contacts
(contacts of confirmed bacterial meningitis if they had close contact within 7 days before onset)

A

oral ciprofloxacin or rifampacin

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23
Q

gas gangrene causative organism

A

clostridium perfringes

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24
Q

typhoid

i. causative organism
ii. transmission

A

i. salmonella typhi
ii. faecal oral

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25
typhoid features: (4)
relative bradycardia abdominal pain, distension constipation (can also have diarrhoea) rose spots (more common in paratyphoid)
26
typhoid cx (5)
osteomyelitis (especially in sickle cell disease where Salmonella is one of the most common pathogens) GI bleed/perforation meningitis cholecystitis chronic carriage (1%, more likely if adult females)
27
genital wart mgt: i. multiple, non-keratinised ii. solitary, keratinised
i. topical podophyllum ii. cryotherapy
28
gonorrhoea (neisseria gonorrhoeae) i. type of bacteria ii. mgt
i. gram -ve dipplococcus ii. stat im ceftriaxone 1g if sensitivities known stat PO ciprofloxacin 500mg if im refused --> PO cefiximine 400mg stat and PO azithromycin 2g
29
Hep B serology i. acute infection ii. immunity iii. previous/ current infection
i. HBsAg (if present for > 6 months suggests chronic) ii. anti-HBs iii. anti--HBc
30
legionella pneumonia features: (5)
flu-like sx+ fever dry cough relative bradycardia confusion pleural effusion (30%)
31
legionella pneumonia blood results: (4)
hyponatraemia lymphopenia deranged LFTs raised CRP
32
legionella pneumonia ix:
- urinary antigen - CXR (mid to lower zone patchy consolidation, pleural effusion 30%)
33
legionella pneumonia mgt
macrolide --> erythromycin/ clarithromycin
34
most common causative organism for pneumonia post flu
s. aureus
35
most common cause of travellers' diarrhoea
e. coli
36
mycoplasma pneumonia cx (2)
haemolytic anaemia erythema multiforme
37
mycoplasma ix:
serology
38
most common organism responsible for exacerbations of bronchiectasis
h. influenzae (also causes acute epiglottitis)
39
epiglottitis cause:
h. influenzae
40
bronchiolitis causative organism
RSV
41
croup causative organism
parainfluenza
42
common cold causative organism
rhinovirus
43
common cause of pneumonia in CF pts:
pseudomonas aeroginosa
44
pneumocystis jyroverci rx:
co-trimoxazole
45
Kaposi sarcoma causative organism
HHV-8
46
diarrhoeal illness: 1-6 hr incubation period
s. aureus b. cereus (rice)
47
diarrhoeal illness: 12-48 hr incubation period
salmonella e. coli
48
diarrhoeal illness: 48-72 hr incubation period
shigella campylobacter
49
diarrhoeal illness: >7 day incubation period
giardiasis amoebasies
50
trichomonas vaginalis presentation:
PV discharge: offensive, yellow/ green, frithy vulvovaginitis pH>4.5 asx/ urethritis in M
51
trichomonas vaginalis ix
motile trophozoites on microscopy
52
trichomonas vaginalis mgt
metronidazole 5-6 days (or 2g stat dose)
53
genital ulceration causes:
HSV syphilis chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi) chlamydia (lymphogranoloma venerum) carcinoma Bechet's disease granuloma inguinale (klebsiella granulomatis)
54
HSV presentation (4)
painful genital ulceration (+/- dysuria/ pruritus) primary infection more severe than subsequent tender inguinal lymphadenopathy may have urinary retention
55
syphilis primary presentation:
painless ulcer
56
chancroid causative organism
haemophilus ducreyi
57
chancroid presentation
PAINFUL ulcers - sharply defined, ragged undermined border UNILATERAL PAINFUL lymphadenopathy
58
what are the genital ulcers caused by chlamydia infection called?
lymphogranuloma venereum
59
diptheria (corynebacterium diptheriae) presentation: (5)
hx travel to Eastern Europe/ Russia/ Asia sore throat + "diptheric membrane" - grey pseudomembrane on posterior pharyngeal wall bulky cervical lymphadenopathy ('bull neck' appearance) neuritis e.g. cranial nerves heart block
60
diptheria mgt
im penicillin diptheria antitoxin

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