Infection Flashcards
(21 cards)
The nurse is caring for a patient with an infection who has been prescribed an intravenous antibiotic. Thirty minutes after administering the antibiotic, the nurse has the lab technician draw a blood sample.
What is this test measuring?
The maximum blood level of the antibiotic
Explain the difference between medical and surgical asepsis.
Medical asepsis confines a microorganism to a specific area, while surgical asepsis attempts to keep an area free of microorganisms.
Which diagnostic test is used to detect antibodies to infecting respiratory organisms?
Serology tests
Antibiotic peak level
Blood is drawn at specific intervals after antibiotic administration to measure peak and trough levels. The peak level (the maximum blood level of the antibiotic) is measured 30 minutes after the antibiotic is administered intravenously.
The trough level
(minimum blood level of the antibiotic) It is measured about 15 minutes prior to the next dose.
The therapeutic range refers to
The minimum and maximum blood levels at which the drug is effective.
Antibiotic peak and trough levels monitor ?
-Therapeutic blood levels of the prescribed medication.
-Ensures that the maximal effect of the drug is being maintained.
-Helps determine if the drug is reaching a toxic/harmful level, which would increase the likelihood of adverse effects.
Explain the difference between a pathogen and an opportunistic pathogen
A pathogen causes disease in a healthy individual, whereas an opportunistic pathogen causes disease in susceptible individuals.
The nurse is concerned that a patient who has been in isolation for several days in the hospital may be experiencing sensory deprivation.
Which clinical sign should the nurse assess?
Hallucinations
The nurse preceptor is demonstrating how to don sterile gloves prior to an open wound dressing change.
Which method should be demonstrated to use outside the operating suite?
The open method is most frequently used outside the operating room because the closed method requires that the nurse wear a sterile gown.
What criteria do HCPs look for in an antimicrobial agent?
Healthcare providers look for an agent that is effective, has little toxicity, can be administered with relative convenience, and is cost-effective. Both the client and the infecting organism are considered.
When can Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) develop?
– Can develop during patient’s stay in the facility
- Manifest after discharge
– Respiratory complications have become common type of HAI
Top three types of Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)
▪ Urinary tract infection ***most common HAI
▪ Surgical site infection
▪ Pneumonia
Which labs or diagnostic tests may the provider order
if there was a suspicion of an infection?
-WBC
- culture
- antigen detection to determine which microorganism
What other tests are done to check for types of infection?
-X-ray
-LP
-US
-UA
-stool culture
S/S of systemic infection
Fever, leukocytosis (Increased WBC), malaise, anorexia, N/V, lymph node enlargement
Enhanced barrier precautions
gloves and gowns with high contact activities
Contact precautions
-gloves, gown, and possibly goggles
-MRSA, VRE, RSV
Droplet precautions
-Mask, gloves, gown, potentially goggles
-RSV, Influenza
Airborne precautions
-N95-fitted, Negative pressure rm, Door closed
-gowns, gloves, goggles
-TB, Measles, COVID
