Infection

Question 1

Anaerobe

Answer 1

Can live without o2, doesn’t need o2 to live

Question 2

Aerobe

Answer 2

Needs o2 for growth

Question 3

Obligate anaerobe

Answer 3

dies in oxygen

Question 4

obligate aerobe

Answer 4

needs oxygen to live

Question 5

sepsis

Answer 5

life threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response

Question 6

detecting sepsis

Answer 6

resp rate >20bpm
HR >90bpm
temp >38
BP low

Question 7

meningiococcal meningitis

Answer 7

inflammatory cascade
vasodilation 
low BP and HR
shock 
prolonged hypoperfusion = death
TREAT = CEFTRIAXONE, IV FLUIDS, O2

Question 8

Antibacterials - inhibit cell wall synthesis

Answer 8

beta lactams:

glycopeptides:

Question 9

Antibacterials - protein synthesis

Answer 9

tetracyclines
macrolides
aminoglycosides

Question 10

Antibacterials - nucleic acid synthesis

Answer 10

quinolones

trimethoprim

Question 11

4P’s of reducing healthcare infections

Answer 11

PATIENT - screening and interactions
PATHOGEN - detergents for virulence factors
PRACTICE - ward leadership, handwashing, stewardship
PLACE - sterile equipment, #beds/#people

Question 12

Suspected healthcare infection - IFIVE

Answer 12

Identify
Isolate 
Investigate 
Inform
Initiate

Question 13

Multidrug resistance

Answer 13

not susceptible to at least 1 drug in 3 categories

Question 14

Pandrug resistance

Answer 14

not susceptible to all agents in all categories

Question 15

Haemolysis for streptococci

Answer 15

place on a petri dish and check to see breakdown of RBCs

Question 16

Alpha haemolysis

Answer 16

partial RBC lysis
viridans streptococci (green)
eg strep pneumoniae

Question 17

Beta haemolysis

Answer 17

complete RBC lysis
usually throat commensals
eg strep pyogenes

Question 18

Gamma haemolysis

Answer 18

non-haemolytic strep
usually non-pathogenic
eg enterococcus faecalis

Question 19

Infections caused by strep pyogenes

Answer 19

impetigo
erysipelas
cellulitis
necrotising fasciitis

Question 20

Complications of strep pyogenes infections

Answer 20

sclarlet fever
supprative complications
acute rheumatic fever
post traumatic glomerulonephritis

Question 21

Streptococcus virulence factors

Answer 21

hyaluronic acid
m protein
pyrogenic exotoxin

Question 22

Quorum sensing

Answer 22

need a certain number of bacteria before you from a biofilm

Question 23

Signs of infection

Answer 23

calor 
rubor 
dolor
tomor
functio laesa

Question 24

Detecting an immunocompromised patient

Answer 24

S-severe
P-persistent
U-unusual
R-recurrent