Infection Flashcards
(32 cards)
presentation of chicken pox
fever initially
itchy rash starting on head/trunk before spreading
initially macular then papular then vesicular
fever, irritable, conjunctivitis is a prodrome for which infection
measles
koplike spots
white spots on buccal mucosa
- measles
maculopapular rash becoming confluent and blotchy
- what infection?
measles
presentation of mumps
fever, malaise, muscular pain
parotitis - earache/pain on eating (unilateral then bilateral)
presentation of rubella
pink maculopapular rash initially on face then spread to body
occipital/post auricular lymphadenopathy
what causes erythema infectiosum
parvovirus b19
presentation erythema infectiosum
‘slapped cheek’- rash on face
fever, lethargy, headache
cause of hand, foot + mouth
coxsackie A16 virus
fine punctate erythema sparing the area around the mouth
scarlet fever
what causes scarlet fever
a reaction to erythrogenic toxins produced by Group A haemolytic streptococci
roseola infantum is caused by what infection
human herpes virus 6
presentation of roseola infantum
high fever followed later by maculopapular rash (typically 3 days of fever, rash appears on 4th day)
- Nagayama spots: papular enanthem on the uvula and soft palate
- diarrhoea + cough also common
most common cause of meningitis in neonates
Group B strep
most common cause of meningitis in older children
Neisseria meningitides
Strep. Pneumoniae
symptoms of meningitis
fever neck stiffness vomiting headache photophobia altered consciousness / seizures
neonates can present with bulging fontanelles, poor feeding, lethargy, hypotonia - ‘floppy baby’
what is meningococcal septicaemia?
what are the clinical signs?
meningococcal infection has entered the bloodstream
- NON BLANCHING RASH
What is kernig’s test?
tests for meningeal irritation – indicative of meningitis
- get patient to lie on back and flex hip + knee, then straighten knee keeping hip flexed
- stretches meninges – causes pain in meningitis
investigation of meningitis
lumbar puncture at L3/L4 vertebral level
- bacterial: cloudy, high protein, low glucose, high neutrophils
- viral: clear, high lymphocytes, normal protein + glucose
management of meningitis in child
- < 3 months
- > 3 months
< 3 months: cefotaxime + amoxicillin
> 3 months: ceftriaxone + steroids (dexamethasone 4 x daily)
how long should a child with chickenpox be kept off school for
until all the lesions have crusted over
how long should a child with whooping cough be kept off school for
2 days after commencing antibiotics or 21 days from onset of symptoms if no antibiotics given
how long should a child with scarlet fever be kept off school for
24 hours after commencing antibiotics
what infections do not require school exclusion
conjunctivitis slapped cheek Roseola Infectious Mononucleosis Hand Foot + Mouth
