Infection Flashcards by Shannon Marohl

Disease that breaks down the body’s immune system, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

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Immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation (such as flu vaccination) or through exposure to natural allergens such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed

Acquired immunity

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Reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances

Allergy

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Chemical germicidal formulated for use on skin, registered and regulated by the FDA

Antiseptics

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A process of properly handling sterilized and disinfected equipment and supplies to reduce contamination

Aseptic procedure

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Showing no symptoms or signs of infection

Asymptomatic

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Device for sterilization by steam under pressure

Autoclave

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Short rod shaped bacteria, they are most common bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus, typhoid, tuberculosis, diptheria

Bacilli

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One celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics. Some are harmful, some are harmless

Bacteria

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Capable of destroying bacteria

Bactericidal

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NUMBER OF VIABLE ORGANISMS IN OR ON AN OBJECT OR SURFACE OR THE ORGANIC MATERIAL ON A SURFACE OR OBJECT BEFORE DECONTAMINATION OR STERILIZATION

BIOBURDEN

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Disease causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis or HIV

Bloodborne pathogens

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System of precautions developed by a Seattle hospital in 1987 to prevent contact with bodily substances and fluids by using protective apparel to prevent the spread of communicable disease

Body substance isolation

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Also known as chelating detergents, detergents that break down stubborn films and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salts, masks

Chelating soaps

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MECHANICAL PROCESS (SCRUBBING) USING SOAP AND WATER OR DETERGENT AND WATER TO REMOVE ALL VISIBLE DIRT, DEBRIS, AND MANY DISEASE CAUSING GERMS. REMOVES INVISIBLE DEBRIS THAT INTERFERES WITH DISINFECTION

Clean

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Round shaped bacteria that appear singly or in groups. There are 3

Cocci

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Also known as communicable disease, a disease that is spread from one person to another person. Some are common cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis, viral infections, and natural nail or toe and foot infections

Contagious disease

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The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface or visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin

Contamination

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Contamination that occurs when you touch one object and then transfer the contents of that object to another, such as touching the skin, then touching a product without washing your hands

Cross contamination

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Removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an items surface and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin

Decontamination

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Determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and or diagnostic tests.

Diagnosis, federal regulations prohibit salon professionals from performing a diagnosis

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Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia

Diplococci

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Type of fungi that causes skin, hair, and nail infections

Dermatophytes

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Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands) kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking

Direct transmission

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An abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal functions

Disease

Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses ( but not spores) on surfaces

Disinfectants

Process that eliminates most, but not necessarily all, microorganisms on nonporous surfaces. Process is not effective against bacterial spores

Disinfection, disinfecting

Ability to produce an effect

Efficacy

Contact with noninvasive (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employees duties

Exposure incident

Slender, Hair like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion, (moving about), also known as cilia

Flagella

Inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs. Cause is typically from ingrown hairs due to shaving or other epilation methods,

Folliculitis

Microscopic plant parasites, which include mold, mildew and yeasts, can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm

Fungi

Capable of destroying fungi

Fungicidal

Bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver

Hepatitis

Disinfectants that are effective for cleaning blood and body fluids

Hospital disinfectants

Pathogen that is most often the precursors to acquired immune deficiency syndrome. By impairing or killing the immune system affected with it, it progressively destroys the body's ability to fight infections or certain cancers

Human immunodeficiency virus

Virus that can infect the bottom of the foot and resembles small black dots, usually in clustered groups, plantar warts

Human papillomavirus

The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection, immunity against disease can either be natural or acquired and is a sign of good health

Immunity

Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface

Indirect transmission

The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens

Infection

Methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms

Infection control

Caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection

Infectious

Disease caused by pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms that enter the body. may or may not be spread from one person to another

Infectious disease

Condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection, characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling

Inflammation

An infection, such as a pimple or abcess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus

Local infection

Information compiled by the manufacturer about product safety, including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling, and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and flammability warnings

Material safety data sheet, MSDS

Type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size

Microorganism

Self movement

Motility

Items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid

Multiuse, reusable

Microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water in small numbers

Mycobacterium fortuitum

Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living

Natural immunity

Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm

Nonpathogenic

An item that is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquid

Nonporous

Illness resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients

Occupational disease

Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as a host), while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. Must have a host to survive

Parasites

Disease caused by parasites, such as lice or mites

Parasitic disease

Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body

Pathogenic

Disease caused by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites

Pathogenic disease

Protective clothing and devices designed to protect an individual from contact with bloodborne pathogens, gloves, fluid resistant lab coat, apron, gown. Goggles, eye shield, face masks that cover the nose and mouth

Personal protective equipment, PPE

Powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants. They are a form of formaldehyde, have a very high pH, and can damage the skin and eyes

Phenolic disinfectants

Made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings, absorbent

Porous

Fluid created by infection, contains white blood cells, bacteria, and dead cells, sign of a bacterial infection

Pus

Quats, disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the salon

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level

Sanitizing

Contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin

Scabies

Items that cannot be used more than once. These items cannot be properly cleaned so that all visible residue is removed, or they are damaged or contaminated by cleaning and disinfecting in exposure incident

Single- use, disposable

Common household bleach, an effective disinfectant for the salon

Sodium hypochlorite

Spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria that cause diseases such as syphilis and lyme disease

Spirilla

Precautions such as wearing personal protective equipment to prevent skin and mucous membrane where contact with a client's blood, body fluids, secretions,(except sweat), excretion, noninvasive skin, and mucous membranes is likely. Workers must assume that all blood and body fluids are potential sources of infection, regardless of the perceived risk

Standard precautions, SP

Pus forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. They cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning

Streptococci

Process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores

Sterilization

Pus forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils

Staphylococci

Disease that affects the body as a whole, often due to under functioning or over functioning of internal glands or organs. This disease is carried through the blood stream or the lymphatic system

Systemic disease

Ringworm fungus of the foot or athletes foot

Tinea pedis

Noncontagious fungal infection which is characterized by white or varicolored patches on the skin and is often found on arms and legs, fungal condition that inhibits melanin production white, brown, or salmon colored flaky patches from yeast on the skin

Tinea versicolor

Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses)

Toxins

Disinfectants that kill the bacteria that causes tuberculosis

Tuberculocidal disinfectants

Disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing

Tuberculosis

Set of guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens

Universal precautions, UP

Capable of destroying viruses

Virucidal

A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of biological organisms. Capable of replication only through taking over the host cell's reproductive function

Virus

OSHA, created as part of the U.S. department of labor to regulate and enforce safety and health standards to protect employees in the workplace

Occupational safety and health administration

HCS, requires that chemical manufacturers and importers assess and communicate the potential hazards associated with their products

Hazard communication standard

MICROSCOPIC GERM THAT NORMALLY EXISTS IN TAP WATER IN SMALL NUMBERS

MYOBACTERIUM FORTUITUM

Potentially harmful organisms

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites

Nonpathogenic bacteria can?

Help the body Break down food, protect against infection, stimulate the immune system

Bacteria grow and reproduce, multiply best in warm, dark, damp, or dirty places

Active stage

When bacteria reach their largest size, they divide into 2 new cells

Binary fission

Certain bacteria, such as the anthrax and tetanus bacilli, coat themselves with wax like outer shells, they are able to withstand long periods of famine, dryness, and unsuitable temperatures, can be blown about and are not harmed by disinfectants, heat, or cold. When favorable conditions are restored, the pores change into the active form and begin to grow and reproduce

Inactive or spore-forming stage

Pimple or abscess., confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus

Local infection

Characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling

Inflammation

Difference between bacteria and virus

VIRUS CAN LIVE AND REPRODUCE ONLY BY TAKING OVER OTHER CELLS AND BECOMING PART OF THEM, BACTERIA CAN LIVE AND REPRODUCE ON THEIR OWN

(BOARDS) | Difference between bacteria and virus

VIRUS CAN LIVE AND REPRODUCE ONLY BY TAKING OVER OTHER CELLS AND BECOMING PART OF THEM, BACTERIA CAN LIVE AND REPRODUCE ON THEIR OWN

Usually affect the skin as they live off of keratin, a protein that makes up the skin

Fungal infections

Another fungus, affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in salon

Mildew

Ringworm

Tinea corporis

Who Studies diseases and provides guidance to prevent their spread

CDC

Minor burn affecting the upper layers of the skin, primarily the epidermis, with some redness and irritation, but no blisters or open skin

First degree burn

Affects the top 2 layers of the skin, the epidermis and dermis, more painful than the first degree burn and will show redness and blisters

Second degree burn

Affects all layers of the skin and will blister, swell, and scar. Pain depends on amount of nerve damage

Third degree burn

Have injured the muscle, ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels, and bones

Fourth degree burn

First aid kit should include at a minimum

Small bandages, gauze, antiseptic, blood spill kit, with disposable bags, gloves, and hazardous waste stickers

Alcohol solution containing______% alcohol are most effective

60-95% alcohol

All containers must be?

Closed, covered, labeled in english

If a porous item contacts broken skin, blood, body fluid, or any unhealthy skin or nails it must be?

Discarded immediately

Pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or fungi can enter the body through?

Nonintact skin, bruise, rash, inflamed skin, mouth, nose, eyes, ears, unprotected sex

Infection Flashcards

(107 cards)