Infection - Acute respiratory failure

Question 1

what is the correct order for infection by bacteria

a. invasion, multiplication, tissue damage, host reaction
b. invasion,host reaction, tissue damage, multiplication
c. invasion, tissue damage,multiplication, host reaction

Answer 1

a.invasion, multiplication, tissue damage, host reaction

Question 2

which of these is an obligate intracellular pathogen

a. bacteria
b. virus

Answer 2

b.virus

Question 3

what pathogen causes damage directly and by immune response

a. bacteria
b. virus
c. fungi

Answer 3

b.virus

Question 4

true or false bacteria are cells

a. true
b. false

Answer 4

a.true

Question 5

how do bacteria adhere to host tissues

a. pilli/fimbriae
b. receptors at site of entry to body eg gi/gu etc

Answer 5

a.pilli/fimbriae

Question 6

how do virus adhere to host tissues

a. pilli/fimbriae
b. receptors at site of entry to body eg gi/gu etc

Answer 6

b.receptors at site of entry to body eg gi/gu etc

Question 7

hylauronase and streptokinase determine which feature of bacteria?

a. adherence
b. evasion of host response
c. invasiveness
d. dissemination

Answer 7

c.invasiveness

Question 8

which pathogen disseminates by local apical surfaces, distant basement membranes and by blood?

a. bacteria
b. viruses

Answer 8

b. viruses

Question 9

endotoxins and exotoxins are released by which pathogen?

a. bacteria
b. viruses

Answer 9

a.bacteria

Question 10

which of these is not an upper resp tract infection?

a. sinusitis
b. otitis media
c. pharyngitis
d. epiglotitis
e. tracheitis

Answer 10

e.tracheitis

Question 11

sinusitis, otitis media, pharyngitis and epiglotitis are examples of what type of infection?

a. lower respiratory tract
b. upper respiratory tract

Answer 11

b.upper respiratory tract

Question 12

laryngitis, tracheitis,bronchiolitis and pneumonia are what type of infection?

a. lower respiratory tract
b. upper respiratory tract

Answer 12

a.lower respiratory tract

Question 13

increased mucous production, mucosal sweling and pain, congestion and loss of taste are specific to infection of which part of the rep tract?

a. upper
b. lower

Answer 13

a.upper

Question 14

how is a viral upper resp tract diagnosed?

a. sample of site
b. blood test
c. urine test

Answer 14

a. sample of site

Question 15

osteltamivir is a specific agent for flu how is it administered/

a. oral
b. nebulised

Answer 15

a.oral

Question 16

zanamivir is a specific agent for flu how is it administered/

a. oral
b. nebulised

Answer 16

b.nebulised

Question 17

which of these is used in covid treatment?

a. zanavamir
b. osteltamivir
c. dexamethasone

Answer 17

c.dexamethasone

Question 18

what is the main route of infection prevention?

a. hand washing
b. tissue binning
c. resp etiquette
d. wearing a mask

Answer 18

a.hand washing

Question 19

should antimicrobials be given in self limiting infections?

a. yes
b. no

Answer 19

b.no

risk benefit analysis

Question 20

antibitoics increase risk of infection by what bacteria in elderly?

a. staph aureus
b. strep pneumoneae
c. c difficile

Answer 20

c.c difficile

Question 21

overgrowth with candiasis can happen as a result of antibiotic misuse. what type of pathogen is this?

a. bacteria
b. virus
c. fungi

Answer 21

c.fungi

Question 22

what are antibiotics classified according to?

a. mode of action
b. site of action in the bacterial cell
c. efficacy
d. site of action in the body

Answer 22

b.site of action in the bacterial cell

Question 23

what do the majority of antibiotics work on?

a. cell wall
b. protein synthesis

Answer 23

a.cell wall

Question 24

what do beta lactams and glycopeptides work on

a. cell wall
b. protein synthesis

Answer 24

a.cell wall

Question 25

what do macrolides, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines work on a. cell wall b. protein synthesis

Answer 25

b.protein synthesis

Question 26

how to beta lactams work on the peptidoglycan cell wall a. disintergrate it b. inhibit cross linking of chains c. alter the cross linking of chains

Answer 26

b. inhibit cross linking of chains

Question 27

what bacteria causes strep throat -pharyngitis and tonsilitis a,strep pneumoneae b. strep pyogenes c. haemophilus influenzae

Answer 27

b. strep pyogenes

Question 28

what should be used to inform treatment of URTI using local guidance a. QRISK 3 b. GRACE c. microguide

Answer 28

c.microguide

Question 29

what is seen radiologically in pneumonia a. pleural effusion b. nodules c. consolidation

Answer 29

c.consolidation

Question 30

what is the exudate in the small airways rich in, in pneumonia a. lipids b. amino acids c. proteins and cells d. cells

Answer 30

c. proteins and cells

Question 31

pleuritic chest pain feels.. a. sharp b. dull c. stabbing

Answer 31

a.sharp

Question 32

which of these patogens causes atypical pneumonia a. strep pneumoneae b. legionella pneumophila

Answer 32

b. legionella pneumophila

Question 33

Legionella pneumophila • Chlamydophila pneumoniae • Mycoplasma pneumoniae • Coxiella burnetii all cause which condition a. influenza b. typical pneumonia c. atypical pneumonia

Answer 33

c.atypical pneumonia

Question 34

purulent sputum and pleuritic chest pain indicates which infection a. influenza b. upper resp tract c. typical pneumonia d. atypical pneumonia

Answer 34

c.typical pneumonia

Question 35

what are atypical bacteria lacking a. protein synthesis b. cell wall

Answer 35

b.cell wall

Question 36

whats the first line resp tract antibiotic to be given for 5 days a. clarithromycin b. amoxicillin c. co amoxiclav d. doxycycline

Answer 36

b.amoxicillin

Question 37

in severe pneumonia what spectrum antibiotics are given a. broad b. narrow

Answer 37

a.broad

Question 38

true or false in severe pneumonia a beta lactam and non beta lactam are given together a. true b. false

Answer 38

a.true