Infection and response Flashcards
What is a pathogen?
Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease.
Why are viruses not considered living organisms?
Because it cant reproduce unless it hijacks another cell.
What is the body’s first line of defence against contaminated food and drink?
Hydrochloric acid from the stomach.
What term is used to describe an organism that does not cause disease itself, but which spreads infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another?
Vector
Read the information about TB then answer the questions that
follow:
“Tuberculosis (TB) is a dangerous disease that is caused by a
bacterium called Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. When a person with TB
coughs and sneezes, the bacteria get into the air and then other people
may breathe them in.”
State the part of the body that TB bacteria invade and describe
how this part of the body defends itself from infection.
____________________________________________________
Read the information about TB then answer the questions that
follow:
“Tuberculosis (TB) is a dangerous disease that is caused by a
bacterium called Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. When a person with TB
coughs and sneezes, the bacteria get into the air and then other people
may breathe them in.”
State the part of the body that TB bacteria invade and describe
how this part of the body defends itself from infection.
airways/bronchi/lungs/bronchioles [1]; mucus there traps pathogens/TB/
bacteria [1] cilia move/waft mucus away [1]
Describe how TB bacteria cause disease after they have entered the
body?
Releases toxins (1), that damage cells or tissues (1)
What are the possible symptoms of food poisoning?
Pathogen: Salmonella
Cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea, fever
What are the possible symptoms of gonnorhea
Pathogen: Gonorrhea
Yellow discharge from genitals.
Pain urinating.
Possibly symptomless.
What is the cause of gonorrhoea?
Unprotected sex.
What are the symptoms of measles?
Pathogen: Measles viruses
Fever, Rash, Blindness, brain damage
What are the symptoms of AIDS?
Pathogens: HIV
Flu
No immune system with AIDS
What are the symptoms of Tobacco Mosaic Virus for plants?
Inability to photosynthesize.
What are the symptoms of black rose spot for plants?
Pathogen: Fungi
Causes black spot on leaves which reduce photosynthesis
How to prevent black rose spot?
Burning affected leaves / fungicide spray
What are the symptoms of Malaria?
Recurrent fever when pathogen bursts out of liver and red blood cells?
Occurs from a bite of a female mosquito’s.
How do you prevent Malaria?
Anti malarial drugs.
Insecticide.
How could a gardener identify a plant that was infected with Agrobacterium tumefacians?
Crown galls between roots and shoots
Another disease that plants can suffer from is rose black spot
What microorganism causes rose black spot?
Fungi
HIV and measles are both diseases that humans can contract. Compare the
similarities and differences between both diseases.
Include what causes each disease.
How they are spread.
How they can be prevented.
similarities:
both caused by a virus [1],
both are communicable [1]
both are incurable [1]
differences:
Measles are spread by droplet infection [1]
HIV spread through bodily fluids/blood/unprotected sex [1];
measles is prevented by vaccination [1]
measles causes rash/fever/blindness/brain damage [1];
HIV/AIDS causes lowered to non-existent immune system [1]
What is a antigen?
Antigens are unique proteins on the surface of cells.
What is antibodies?
Antibodies are proteins that bind to antigens to damage pathogens or clump them together.
What is antitoxins?
Antitoxins counteract / cancel out the toxins released by pathogens.
Describe the role of white blood cells.
- Recognise antigens on invaders.
- Engulf pathogens.
- Produce antibodies to match the pathogens antigens.
- Produce anti toxins to counteract pathogens toxins.
