Infection and response Flashcards
What are pathogens?
Micro organisms to enter the body and cause disease
What are the four types of pathogens?
Bacteria, viruses, protists or fungi.
How does bacteria make you feel ill?
By producing toxins damage your cells and tissues
Are viruses cells?
No. They are much smaller.
How do viruses spread in your body?
They live inside your cells and replicate themselves using the cells machinery to make copies of themselves. The cell will usually then burst releasing all the new viruses.
What are protists?
Single celled eukaryotes. Some protists are parasites.
What is fungi made up of?
some fungi are single celled. Others have a body which is made up from hyphae, these can grow and penetrate human skin and the surface of plants. They can produce spores which can be spread to others.
What are the different ways pathogens can be spread?
Through water, a, or direct contact.
What is an example of a bacterial infection caused by water?
Cholera
Give an example of a pathogen can be carried in the air and then breathed in?
the influenza virus.
give an example of a pathogen that can be picked up by touching contaminated surfaces.
Athletes foot is a fungus is most commonly spread by touching the same things as an infected person.
What do measles, HIV and TMV have in common?
They are all viral diseases
What are some symptoms of measles?
A red rash and signs of fever
How is measles spread?
droplets from an infected person sneeze or cough.
How is HIV spread?
sexual contact or by exchanging bodily fluids such as blood .
What does HIV do to you?
Attacks the immune cells
What does TMV do to plants?
it causes a mosaic pattern on the leaves of the plants, pots of the leaves become discoloured. This means the plant can’t carry out photosynthesis as well.
What does rose black spot do to plants?
It’s a fungus that causes purple or black spots develop on the leaves of rose plants. It makes them go yellow and it means less photosynthesis can happen.
What kind of pathogen causes malaria?
Protists.
How is malaria spread?
mosquitoes of vectors. They pick up the malarial protist when they feed on infected animals, then they infect other animals by feeding on them.
What is salmonella?
A type of bacteria that causes food poisoning. Infected people can suffer from fever, stomach cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea. The symptoms of course by the toxins that the bacteria produce.
What is gonorrhoea?
sexually transmitted disease. It’s passed on by sexual contact and is caused by bacteria. Symptoms of pain when you urinate, thick yellow or green discharge. You can use antibiotics to prevent the spread.
What are some ways to prevent disease spread?
Being hygienic, destroying vectors, isolating infected individuals, and vaccination.
Name some bodily defence systems?
Skin acts as a barrier to pathogens, hair and mucus in your nose trapped particles that contain pathogens, the trachea and bronchi secrete mucus to trap pathogens and are also lined with cilia (hair like structures that waft the mucus back up to the throat), and the stomach produces hydrochloric acid kills pathogens.
