Infection and response pt1

Question 1

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 1

an infection disease

Question 2

What causes communicable diseases?

Answer 2

pathogens

Question 3

What are pathogens

Answer 3

microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease

Question 4

How do pathogens spread?

Answer 4

direct contact
water
air
vectors

Question 5

What are vectors?

Answer 5

organisms that carry pathogens

Question 6

How are pathogens spread by water?

Answer 6

by drinking infected water

Question 7

How are pathogens spread by air?

Answer 7

pathogens can be carried in the air and people breathe it in

Question 8

How can the spread of disease can be reduced or prevented ? (4)

Answer 8

Being Hygenic
destroying vectors
isolated infected individuals
vaccinations

Question 9

What are the differfent types of pathogens?

Answer 9

virus
fungi
bacteria
protists

Question 10

What do viruses do ?

Answer 10

reproduce rapidly in body cells causing damage to the cells

• The cell will usually then burst to release
  all the new viruses.
• This cell damage makes you feel ill

Question 11

What is measles

Answer 11

Measles is a viral disease showing symptoms of fever and a red skin rash. Measles is a serious illness that can be fatal if complications arise. For this reason most young children are vaccinated against measles.

Question 12

How is measles spread?

Answer 12

by breathing in droplets from an infected person’s sneezes or cough

Question 13

What is HIV

Answer 13

when the body’s immune system is badly damaged and cannot fight off other infections or cancer.

Question 14

How is HIV spread?

Answer 14

by sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids

Question 15

What happens when HIV is untreated?

Answer 15

the virus enters the lymph nodes and attacks the body’s immune cells

Question 16

How can HIV be controlled?

Answer 16

antiretroviral drugs

Question 17

What is TMV?

Answer 17

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a widespread plant pathogen affecting many species of plants including tomatoes.
-It gives a distinctive ‘mosaic’ pattern of discolouration on the leaves

Question 18

How does the distinctive ‘mosaic’ pattern of discolouration on the leaves negatively impact the plant?

Answer 18

affects the growth of the plant due to lack of photosynthesis.

Question 19

What is a bacteria

Answer 19

very small cells which produce rapidly in the body

Question 20

How does bacteria make you feel ill?

Answer 20

they may damage cells directly or produce toxins that damage tissues

Question 21

What is salmonella?

Answer 21

a type of bacteria that causes food poisoning

Question 22

How is salmonella spread?

Answer 22

bacteria ingested in food, or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions

Question 23

What is caused when salmonella bacteria secretes toxins?

Answer 23

Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea are caused

Question 24

How is salmonella prevented?

Answer 24

poultry are vaccinated against Salmonella to control the spread

Question 25

What is gonorrhoea?

Answer 25

STD

Question 26

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

Answer 26

- a thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis - pain when urinating.

Question 27

How is gonorrhoea treated?

Answer 27

originally treated with penicillin but many resistant strains have now appreared

Question 28

How is the spread of gonorrhoea prevented?

Answer 28

treatment with antibiotics or the use of a barrier method of contraception such as a condom.

Question 29

How is gonorrhoea spread?

Answer 29

sexual contact

Question 30

How do fungi spread?

Answer 30

by producing spores which can spead to other plants and animals

Question 31

What is rose black spot?

Answer 31

a fungal disease where purple or black spots develop on leaves, which often turn yellow and drop early.

Question 32

Why is rose black spot bad?

Answer 32

It affects the growth of the plant as photosynthesis is reduced

Question 33

How does rose black spot spread?

Answer 33

It is spread in the environment by water or wind.

Question 34

How can rose black spot be treated?

Answer 34

using fungicides and/or removing and destroying the affected leaves.

Question 35

What are protists?

Answer 35

single-celled eukaryotes some are parasites

Question 36

what are parasites and how are they transferred?

Answer 36

organisms that live on or inside other organisms and cause them damage often transferred by vector, which doesnt get the disease itself

Question 37

What is malaria

Answer 37

a disease that causes recurrent episodes of fever and can be fatal.

Question 38

How is malaria spread?

Answer 38

everytime the mosquito feeds on another animal, it infects it by inserting the protist into the animal's blood

Question 39

How is malaria prevented?

Answer 39

by preventing the vectors, mosquitos, from breeding and by using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten. also using insecticides