Infection Control

Question 1

inherent

Answer 1

native to the host, E. coli

Question 2

contagious

Answer 2

spreadable, we get from another person, flu, strep

Question 3

localized

Answer 3

affects one part of the body, wart on finger

Question 4

systemic

Answer 4

affects whole body, pneumonia, flu

Question 5

primary

Answer 5

first infection

Question 6

secondary

Answer 6

occurs because of another infection

Question 7

exogenous

Answer 7

lives outside of us - exterior

Question 8

endogenous

Answer 8

lives inside of us

Question 9

infection

Answer 9

when a pathogen invades tissues and begins multiplying within a host - invasion and multiplication

Question 10

colonization

Answer 10

presence and multiplication of microorganisms within a host but no tissue invasion or damage

Question 11

communicable disease

Answer 11

can be transmitted from one individual to another, COVID

Question 12

symptomatic infection

Answer 12

have signs and symptoms of disease

Question 13

asymptomatic infection

Answer 13

no symptoms

Question 14

virulence

Answer 14

ability to produce disease, seasonal flu, new strand of COVID

Question 15

best solution to prevent illness

Answer 15

hand hygiene

Question 16

barrier techniques

Answer 16

gloves, masks, gown, goggles

Question 17

antiseptic

Answer 17

used on the skin

Question 18

disinfectant

Answer 18

used on inanimate objects

Question 19

conscientious patient care

Answer 19

throwing away trash, cleaning up tissues, washing sheets

Question 20

5 prevention and control techniques

Answer 20

hand hygiene, barriers, antiseptics/disinfectants, immunizations/medications, conscientous

Question 21

most important action during hand hygiene

Answer 21

friction

Question 22

what happens the longer the duration of care in the absence of hand hygiene?

Answer 22

the higher the degree of contamination (colonization) on the healthcare worker’s hands

Question 23

why is hand hygiene so important?

Answer 23

to prevent our patients from getting sick or giving germs from one patient to another
to keep us from getting sick

Question 24

healthcare associated infections - nosocomial infections

Answer 24

10th leading cause of death in US

Question 25

each year in the US, how many people get HAI?

Answer 25

2 million patients, 90,000 of those die

Question 26

each year in the US, how many people die from poor hand hygiene?

Answer 26

a third of our population

Question 27

5 moments for hand hygiene

Answer 27

before touching a patient, before clean/aseptic procedure, after body fluid exposure risk, after touching a patient, after touching patient surroundings

Question 28

the iceberg effect

Answer 28

present infection is tip of iceberg, there are so many more organisms in patient's body that are colonized

Question 29

natural defense mechanisms against infection

Answer 29

skin, mouth (saliva, inside lining moves things), eyes (eyelashes, tears), respiratory tract (cough, secretions, hairs in nose), urinary tract, GI (motility and peristalsis), vagina (acidic environment) skin, mouth, eyes, resp, uri, vag

Question 30

infectious agents examples

Answer 30

virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoans, helminths (worms), prions VBFPHP

Question 31

reservoir

Answer 31

any natural setting where growth and reproduction of an infectious agent can occur where organism reproduces and thrives

Question 32

reservoir examples

Answer 32

humans, animals, food, water, insects, inanimate objects (more mode), soiled or wet dressings, hospital equipment

Question 33

portal of exit

Answer 33

where an infectious agent gets out of where it came from - excretions, secretions, skin, droplets

Question 34

portal of exit examples

Answer 34

anything that's open - open wound, mouth, eyes, Gi tract resp: sputum, cough, sneeze G-U: reproductive secretions, urine G-I: saliva, emesis, blood, feces venous: blood non-intact skin: draining wounds eyes/ears

Question 35

respiratory hygiene is so important because

Answer 35

you're creating a portal of exit unless you cover your cough, sneeze, wear a mask

Question 36

direct contact

Answer 36

person to person

Question 37

indirect contact

Answer 37

fomite (objects) - stethoscope, thermometer, bed railing

Question 38

respiratory

Answer 38

through the air

Question 39

vector

Answer 39

insect transmission

Question 40

indirect contact high touch areas

Answer 40

gowns, bed linen, bedside furniture, objects in immediate environment handles IV poles bp machines, pulse ox, stethoscope accudata machines

Question 41

bleach wipes

Answer 41

for where C diff is present, have to keep surface wet for 3 minutes

Question 42

hydrogen peroxide wipes

Answer 42

almost all patients who don't have C diff, have to keep surface wet for 1 minute

Question 43

portal of entry

Answer 43

GI-GU tract, mucous membranes, skin integrity disruption, respiratory tract, eyes

Question 44

susceptible host

Answer 44

immunocompromised from chemo, autoimmune, chronic illnesses old or very young trauma/surgery indwelling devices skin, mucous membrane breaks poor oxygenation impaired circulation chronic or acute disease antibiotic resistant (MDRO) poor aseptic measures poor nutrition crowded environments poor sanitation travel exposure

Question 45

nurse having open abrasion on skin could represent which three elements in chain of infection?

Answer 45

portal of exit, entry and reservoir

Question 46

a butterfly needle used to draw blood, if not properly disposed of, could be which element in chain of infection?

Answer 46

method of transmission

Question 47

mouth is which element?

Answer 47

portal of exit

Question 48

IV inserted without cleaning skin is which element?

Answer 48

method of transmission, portal of entry is skin

Question 49

a stethoscope represents which element?

Answer 49

method of transmission

Question 50

flowers/plants represent which two elements?

Answer 50

reservoir and method of transmission

Question 51

when a nurse fails to wear PPE for a patient isolated with pertussis, the nurse's scrubs are which element?

Answer 51

method of transmission

Question 52

unwashed fruit directly from a field is which two elements?

Answer 52

reservoir and method of transmission mouth is portal of entry

Question 53

containers with free standing water are which element?

Answer 53

reservoir

Question 54

COVID-19 is which element?

Answer 54

etiological agent

Question 55

a head laceration that is open to the air, somewhat fresh and not showing signs of infection is which element?

Answer 55

portal of entry

Question 56

healthcare-associated infections have three effects

Answer 56

increased morbidity and mortality of patients increased cost to the organization decreased trust