Infection Control

Question 1

How many healthcare related infections occur each year?

Answer 1

2 million

Question 2

How many healthcare related infections result in death each year?

Answer 2

100,000

Question 3

What places patients at risk for healthcare related infections?

Answer 3

Progressive and complex medical procedures
Invasive procedures
Antibiotic resistant bacteria

Question 4

What remains one of the most important infection control measure?

Answer 4

Hand hygiene

Question 5

What are the human sources of infection transmission?

Answer 5

Patients
Health care personnel
Family members
Visitors

Question 5

What is infection transmission dependent on?

Answer 5

The source of infectious agents
Susceptible host
Entry portal
Mode of transmission for pathogen

Question 6

What respiratory care equipment can serve as sources of infection transmission?

Answer 6

Stethoscopes
Beside tables
Any inanimate object that travels from room to room

Question 7

Who qualifies as a susceptible host?

Answer 7

Person who is exposed to an infection and becomes asymptomatic carrier or develops the disease

Question 8

What are the routes of infection transmission?

Answer 8

Direct contact
Indirect contact
Droplet
Airborne
Vehicle
Vector

Question 9

What are some examples of pathogens that are transmitted via contact?

Answer 9

Influenza
HIV
Ebola

Question 10

What are some examples of pathogens that are transmitted via indirect contact?

Answer 10

Staph
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Hep b and c
HIV

Question 11

What are some examples of pathogens that are airborne?

Answer 11

Legionellosis
Tuberculosis
Varicella

Question 11

What are some examples of pathogens that are transmitted via droplets?

Answer 11

Rhinovirus
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Rubella

Question 12

What are some examples that are transmitted via a vehicle such as water or food?

Answer 12

Water: cholera
Food: salmonella and hepatitis

Question 12

What are some examples of pathogens that are vector borne?

Answer 12

Ticks: rickettsia and lyme disease
Mosquitoes: malaria

Question 13

What are the basic strategies for infection control?

Answer 13

Immunization of heathcare providers
Equipment processing

Question 13

What is required for a piece of equipment to be critically processed aka sterile?

Answer 13

No viable or living organisms

Question 14

What is required for a piece of equipment to be semi-critical aka disinfected?

Answer 14

Few organisms remaining
Spores and nonlipid viruses possibly remaining viable

Question 15

What is required for a piece of equipment to be considered noncritical aka clean?

Answer 15

Gross appreciable organic matter removed

Question 16

What are chlorine and chlorine compounds used to disinfect?

Answer 16

Spot disinfection
CPR training dummies

Question 16

What are the steps of equipment processing?

Answer 16

Cleaning
Disinfection
Steilization
Monitoring and surveillance

Question 17

Describe what indicator strips are used for and what a positive vs a negative test looks like

Answer 17

Internal chemical indicator strips and challenge packs are used to capture sterilization failures
Gives immediate results

Question 17

What is alcohol usually used to disinfect?

Answer 17

Thermometers
Scissors
Stethoscopes

Question 18

What are the methods of sterilization?

Answer 18

Steam = autoclaving
Ethylene oxide
Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma
Peracetic acid

Question 18

What is acetic acid used to disinfect?

Answer 18

Homecare equipment

Question 18

What is glutaraldehyde use to disinfect?

Answer 18

Spirometry tubing Anesthesia resuscitation bags

Question 19

What is peracetic acid used to disinfect?

Answer 19

Endoscopes

Question 19

What is idodophor used to disinfect?

Answer 19

Hydrotherapy tanks Thermometers

Question 19

What is hydrogen peroxide used to disinfect?

Answer 19

Ventilator surfaces

Question 20

What is benzyl ammonium chloride used to disinfect?

Answer 20

CPAP masks

Question 21

What are phenols used to disinfect?

Answer 21

Environmental surfaces Bed rails Tables and surfaces

Question 21

What are quaternary ammonium compounds used to disinfect?

Answer 21

Floors Furniture Blood pressure cuffs

Question 22

How do indicator strips for radioactive sterilization work?

Answer 22

Change from yellow to red upon exposure to gamma or electron beam radiation

Question 23

Describe the process for removing a contaminated gown

Answer 23

Unfasten ties Pull away from neck and shoulders touching inside of the gown only Turn gown inside out Fold or roll into bundle and discard

Question 23

What are the methods equipment surveillance?

Answer 23

Aspiration Plating Swabbing

Question 23

What is the sequence for removing gloves?

Answer 23

Outside of gloves is contaminated Grasp outside of glove with opposite gloved hand and peel off Hold removed glove in gloved hand Slide fingers of ungloved hand under remaining glove at wrist Peel glove over first glove, discard

Question 24

What are the standard precautions that should be taken?

Answer 24

Hand hygiene Gloves, masks, and eye protection when appropriate Limit touching of face or adjusting PPE with contaminated glove

Question 25

When should hands be washed vs using hand sanitizer?

Answer 25

Hands should be washed when they are soiled with blood, body fluids, or excrement

Question 25

What provider variable could reduce hand hygiene effectiveness?

Answer 25

Long nails, nail extenders and jewelry

Question 26

Describe the process for removing goggles or faceshield

Answer 26

Handle by headband or ear pieces Place in designated receptacle for processing or in waste container

Question 27

Describe the process for removing a mask or respirator if it has been contaminated

Answer 27

Grasp bottom and then top ties or elastics and remove. Discard in waste container

Question 28

What are healthcare associated sources of respiratory infection?

Answer 28

Ventilatory circuit changes Condensate in vent tubing Humidifiers Nebulizers Suction catheters PFT equipment

Question 29

what is the best way to prevent the spread of infection in the ICU

Answer 29

wash yo hands

Question 30

The proper sequence for doffing PPE is

Answer 30

gloves, gown, mask

Question 31

the process that destroys all forms of pathogenic organisms on an inanimate object is

Answer 31

sterilization

Question 32

A male patient is admitted for influenza, in addition to standard precautions, what other safety precautions should be taken?

Answer 32

Patient should wear a surgical mask Everyone within 3 feet of the patient should wear a surgical mask A private room is preferred

Question 33

The correct sequence for donning personal protective equipment is

Answer 33

mask, gown, gloves

Question 34

what devices are used to capture sterilization failures?

Answer 34

Indicator strips Aspiration Swabs Visualization

Question 35

A patient is admitted with MRSA, in addition to standard precautions, what other precautions should be taken?

Answer 35

Hands must be washed after removing gown Patient must wear a gown during transport Gloves must be changed after contact with contaminated secretions Gloves are required when entering the room

Question 36

A patient is admitted with tuberculosis, in addition to standard precautions, what other precautions should be taken?

Answer 36

patient should be placed in an airborne isolation room with 6-12 air changes per hour Everyone entering the room should wear an N95 or PAPR Patient should wear a surgical mask for transports