Infection Control and Prevention

Question 1

What are the WHO 5 moments of hand hygiene

Answer 1

1. Before touching a patient.
2. Before a clean or aseptic procedure.
3. After body fluid exposure.
4. After touching a patient.
5. After touching a patient’s surroundings.

Question 2

What are the roles of Hospital Infection Prevention programs?

Answer 2

Surveillance
* Infections and colonisation
* Compare to National Benchmarks

Prevention
* Infections

Control
* Infection spread

Protection
* Staff and hospital visitors

Education

Question 3

Define Hospital Acquired Infection

Answer 3

• Infection acquired in a hospital or health care setting.
• Infection not present or incubating at the time of contact with the health care environment
• Symptom onset > 48 hours after contact with a health care facility
• Causes increased morbidity, mortality, hospital costs, and patient length of stay

Question 4

Define epidemiology

Answer 4

Epidemiology = study of occurence, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in a population

Hosptial / health care associated is the study of these in a hospital or health care system

Question 5

Define Endemic

Answer 5

Infections known to occur at a usual rate in a specified population

Baseline

Question 6

Define Epidemic

Answer 6

Significant increase above the usual rate of infection in a specified population

Above the baseline

Question 7

Define Incidence Rate

Answer 7

• Ratio
• Number of new cases of infection in a specified population at risk during a defined time period : overall number of people in the population at risk

Question 8

Define Standardised Infection Ratio

Answer 8

Observed number of infections : Predicted number of infections after adjustments for variables known to be associated with the infection rate

Question 9

Define Device-associated Incidence Rate

Answer 9

• Ratio
• Number of new cases of device-related infection in a specified population at risk during a defined time period : number of days of device utilisation in the population at risk

Question 10

Define Point Prevalence

Answer 10

Total number of cases of infection in a specified population at risk at one point in time

Question 11

Define Period Prevalence

Answer 11

Total number of cases of infection in a specified population in a given time period

Question 12

Define Observational or Descriptive Study

Answer 12

Study of the natural course of events without an intervention in the process

Question 13

Define Case Control Study

Answer 13

• Retrospective design
• Often used aspart ofan outbreak investigation
• 2 populations are compared, one with the outcome of interest and one without, for specific factors (exposures) that may contribute to infection occurrence.

Question 14

Define Crude or Overall Mortality Rate

Answer 14

• Ratio
• Number of patients who died in a defined time period : overall number of patients in a specified population

Question 15

Define Attributable Mortality Rate

Answer 15

• Ratio
• Number of patients who died as a direct result of the disease of interest in a defined time period in a specified population : overall number of patients with the disease of interest in a specified population

Question 16

Name people who can be part of an Infection Prevention Committee

Answer 16

• Nurses
• Infectious Diseases
• Critical care staff
• Surgical staff
• Central processing staff
• Environmental services staff
• Occupational health staff
• Clinical Microbiologists