Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology pt.3

Question 1

How diseases are classified based on how they behave in a population

Answer 1

Communicable Disease
Noncommunicable Disease

Question 2

Communicable Disease

Answer 2

spread from person to person (directly/indirectly)

chicken pox, measles, tuberculosis, genital herpes, covid-19

Question 3

Noncommunicable Disease

Answer 3

not spread from person to person

disruption of normal microbiota –> yeast infection
introduction of outside microbes

Question 4

How diseases are classified based on how severity/duration

Answer 4

Acute disease
Chronic disease

Question 5

Acute disease

Answer 5

occur suddenly and last short time

influenza, cholera, covid-19

Question 6

Chronic disease

Answer 6

develops slowly and can last a lifetime

Tuberculosis, chronic hepatitis HIV

Question 7

How diseases are classified based on extent host is affected

Answer 7

Local infection
Systematic infection
Focal infection

Question 8

Local infection

Answer 8

small area

boils, abscesses

Question 9

Systematic infection

Answer 9

throughout body

measles

Question 10

Focal infection

Answer 10

starts local –>systemic

agent breaks loose
Streptococcal pharyngitis –>scarlet fever
Periodontitis –> endocarditis

Question 11

How diseases are classified based on frequency of disease

Answer 11

Endemic Disease
Epidemic Disease
Pandemic Disease

Question 12

Endemic Disease

Answer 12

constantly present in a population with relatively low spread

tuberculosis, malaria, Hepatitis B

Question 13

Epidemic Disease

Answer 13

increase in cases spreading through a large population

ebola, zika

Question 14

Pandemic Disease

Answer 14

sudden increase in cases across several countries, continents or the world

Question 15

Hospital associated infections

Answer 15

Acquired while in a Hospital

Question 16

Major types of Hospital associated infections

Answer 16

exogenous infection
endogenous infection

Question 17

exogenous infection

Answer 17

pathogen from another person environment

equipment, bedpans, contaminated surfaces, food, water, air

Question 18

endogenous infection

Answer 18

microbes from patient themselves

infects during surgical operations, manipulation by instruments, nursing procedures

Question 19

Factors that contribute to Hospital associated infections

Answer 19

1.) hand hygiene
2.) environmental hygiene
3.) screening and cohorting patients
4.) surveillance
5.) antibiotic stewardship
6.) following guidelines
7.) safety culture

Question 20

hand hygiene

Answer 20

most important, simplest, and least expensive

Question 21

environmental hygiene

Answer 21

surfaces and equipment

Question 22

screening and cohorting patients

Answer 22

early detection multi-drug resistant organisms and isolation colonized/infected patients

Question 23

surveillance

Answer 23

evaluate local burden –> early detection and identification of clusters and out breaks

Question 24

antibiotic stewardship

Answer 24

Appropriate antibiotic use reduces resistance emergence

Question 25

following guidelines

Answer 25

world health organization and centers for disease control and prevention

Question 26

safety culture

Answer 26

provide patients with safe and quality care

Question 27

how can hospital associated infections

Answer 27

presence of microorganism in hospital environment immunocompromised patients transmission of pathogens between staff and pateients and among patients