infection prevention Flashcards
(45 cards)
Infection
when a pathogen invades tissues and begins growing within a host
Colonization:
presence and growth of microorganisms within a host without tissue invasion or damage
How many people have a HAI (hospital acquired infection)
1 in 25
Communicable disease:
disease that can be easily transmissible from one person to another
- what makes a communicable disease harmful?:
location, type, or host
- treatment for communicable diseases:
antibiotic (infection- not a virus) antimicrobials (killing/ slow growth of infection) [anti-fungals]
- most common type of infection:
bacterial
- body’s defenses against infection:
- normal flora
- body system defenses
- inflammation
~ vascular [vasodilation, vasoconstriction] and cellular responses [WBC] ~inflammatory exudate
~tissue repair
- symptoms of body’s defenses against infection:
malaise, lymph nose enlarged, N/V, redness, swelling, heat, pain, tenderness, fever, increased WBC
- What is humoral immunity?:
the process of adaptive immunity manifested by the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes. It develops in bone marrow.
- Health care-associated infections (HAIs): occur as the result of:
invasive procedures antibiotic administration multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) breaks in infection prevention and control activities
- transient bacterial flora:
attached loosely on skin, removed with relative ease
- resident bacterial flora:
found increases in skin, requires friction with brush to remove
- asepsis:
includes all activities to prevent infection or break the chain of infection
- medical asepsis:
clean technique to reduce number of pathogens hand hygiene and wearing gloves [CLEAN- colostomy care, NG tube placement]
- Surgical asepsis:
sterile technique to keep area free from microorganisms [STERILE- inserting an indwelling urinary catheter, IV]
- Implementation of medical asepsis:
control or elimination of infectious disease protection of the susceptible host - control and elimination of reservoirs of infection- control portals of exit/entry [ cough etiquette, clean IV ports] -control of transmission [hand hygiene]
- Implementation of surgical asepsis:
-preparation for a sterile procedure-open sterile packages on flat surfaces
- principles of surgical asepsis
- surgical scrub - preparing sterile field
- Safety guidelines for nursing skills:
-apply standard precautions
- use clean gloves with anticipating contact with body fluids and non intact skin or mucous membranes-risk for splash = gown, mask, eye protection- keep bedside table surfaces clutter-free, and dry when performing aseptic procedures
- Standard precautions:
ALL PATIENTS - applies to blood, all bodily fluids, secretions, and excretions (except sweat), non intact skin, and mucous membranes
- Factors that impact immune system:
Congenital abnormalities and acquired health problems Environmental factors Age Medical and surgical interventions
- Multidrug-resistant organisms infections and colonizations (MRDOs):
microorganisms have become resistant to certain antibiotics [MRSA, VRE, CRE]
- Problems resulting from inadequate antimicrobial therapy:
- Incorrect choice of drug, inadequate dosing (broad spectrum antibiotics)
- noncompliance/nonadherence
- directly observed therapy (TB) [not wearing mask]
- bacteremia, septicemia or bloodstream infection (BSI)
- septic-chock- sepsis-induced distributive shock
- Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA):
- causes infections in healthy, non-hospitalized people
-portals of entry: skin, nasal mucous membranes, soft tissue - at risk: children, older adults, athletes
