Infections

Question 1

Narrow Spectrum Abx

Answer 1

Narrow TV and PC
Teicoplanin
Vancomycin
Penicillin G
Clindamycin

Question 2

Sepsis Vs Septicaemia

Answer 2

Sepsis - infection confined to blood
Septicaemia - infection of whole body

Question 3

Sepsis Symptoms (Adults)

Answer 3

Shiver (very hot/cold)
Extreme pain
Pale/discoloured skin
Sleepy/tired
I feel like I might die
Short of breath

Question 4

Sepsis Symptoms (Babies/Children)

Answer 4

Very high/low temperature
No urine in 12 hours
Vomit
Breathless (breathe fast)
Non-blanching rash
Blue/pale skin, lips, tongue
High pitch cry (babies)

Question 5

Sepsis Early Management

Answer 5

Broad spectrum Abx max dose within 1 hour
Parenteral Benzylpenicillin (community)
IV Ceftriaxone (hospital)

Question 6

Abx Before Food/Empty Stomach

Answer 6

DROP FAT
Demeclocycline
Rifampicin
Oxytetracycline
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Flucloxacillin
Ampicillin
Tetracycline

Question 7

Abx With/After Food

Answer 7

Marvin’s Nice Pizza
Metronidazole
Nitrofurantoin
Pivmecillinam

Question 8

Amoxicillin Food

Answer 8

Take with/without food

Question 9

Abx Avoid Milk

Answer 9

CDOT
Ciprofloxacin
Demeclocycline
Oxytetracycline
Tetracycline

Question 10

Abx With Milk

Answer 10

DOX Like Milk
Doxycycline
Lymecycline
Minocycline

Question 11

Abx Use in Pregnancy

Answer 11

PEC Chest
Penicillin
Erythromycin
Cephalosporins
Clindamycin

Question 12

Abx Avoid in Pregnancy

Answer 12

Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides (except Erythromycin)
Co-Trimoxazole
Rifampicin
Metronidazole
Quinolones
Nitrofurantoin (avoid at term/last trimester)

Question 13

Abx Protect Sunlight

Answer 13

Demeclocycline
Doxycycline

Question 14

Flucloxacillin Safety Warning

Answer 14

Jaundice
Hepatitis

Question 15

Co-Amoxiclav Safety Warning

Answer 15

Jaundice
Hepatitis

Question 16

Linezolid Safety Warning

Answer 16

Optic Neuropathy (‘lid’ = eyelid)
Blood disorders

Question 17

Co-Trimoxazole Safety Warning

Answer 17

Steven’s Johnson Syndrome
Blood disorders

Question 18

Quinolones Safety Warning

Answer 18

Tendon damage
Joint problems (children)
Convulsions (when used with NSAID)

Question 19

Abx Colour Urine

Answer 19

Rifampicin
Nitrofurantoin
Orange/Brown

Question 20

Abx Blood Disorders

Answer 20

Trimethoprim
Co-Trimoxazole
Linezolid
Gentamicin
Vancomycin

Question 21

Tetracycline Contraindication

Answer 21

<12 years old
Pregnant

Question 22

Quinolones Contraindication

Answer 22

Tendon disorder due to Quinolone use

Question 23

Aminoglycoside Contraindication

Answer 23

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 24

Food Poisoning Bacteria

Answer 24

Salmonella
Shigella
Norovirus
E. coli

Question 25

Tuberculosis Bacteria

Answer 25

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 26

Colitis Bacteria

Answer 26

C. difficile

Question 27

Pneumonia

Answer 27

Streptococcus pneumonia (most common) Klebsiella pneumonia Pseudomonad aeruginosa Haemophilus pneumoniae Pneumocystis jirovecii (fungal)

Question 28

Gonorrhoea Bacteria

Answer 28

Neisseria gonnorhoea

Question 29

Whooping Cough Bacteria

Answer 29

Bordetella pertussis

Question 30

UTI Bacteria

Answer 30

E. coli

Question 31

Abx for Anaerobic Infection

Answer 31

Metronidazole

Question 32

Abx for Streptococci Infection

Answer 32

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

Question 33

Abx for Staphylococci Infection

Answer 33

Flucloxacillin

Question 34

Abx for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 34

Gentamicin

Question 35

CURB-65

Answer 35

C - Confusion (1 point) U - Urea >7mmol/L (1 point) R - Respiratory rate >30 (1 point) B - BP systolic<90, dia<60 (1 point) 65 - 65 years or older (1 point)

Question 36

CURB-65 Actions

Answer 36

0-1 Treat as outpatient 2 Consider hospital/close monitoring 3-5 Hospital/consider ICU

Question 37

Aminoglycosides

Answer 37

Amikacin Gentamicin Tobramycin Streptomycin Neomycin

Question 38

Aminoglycosides General Info

Answer 38

TAG Tobramycin Amikacin Gentamicin are effective against P. aeruginosa

Question 39

Aminoglycosides General Info

Answer 39

Streptomycin used for TB Avoid oral route (not absorbed) Injection administration Gentamicin drug of choice Once daily admin preferred C/I Myasthenia Gravis Max 7/7 parenteral treatment Avoid in pregnancy

Question 40

Aminoglycosides Ototoxicity

Answer 40

Tinnitus/ringing Hearing loss Dizzy Uncoordinated movements

Question 41

Aminoglycosides Nephrotoxicity

Answer 41

Reduced urine output Short of breath Fluid retention (swelling) Fatigue

Question 42

Aminoglycosides Dose Adjustments

Answer 42

Renal impairment - increase dosing interval Severe renal impairment - decrease dose

Question 43

When to Measure [Aminoglycoside]

Answer 43

1 hour after dose - 'peak' Just before next dose - 'trough'

Question 44

Peak and Trough Actions

Answer 44

High Peak - reduce dose High Trough - increase dose interval

Question 45

Target [Gentamicin] IM/IV for Multiple Daily Dosing

Answer 45

Target Peak [ ] - 5-10 mg/L Target Trough [ ] - <2 mg/L

Question 46

Target [Gentamicin] Multiple Daily Dosing in Endocarditis

Answer 46

Target Peak [ ] - 3-5 mg/L Target Trough [ ] - <1mg/L

Question 47

Gentamicin Side Effects

Answer 47

Abx associated Colitis Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Neurotoxicity Nausea and vomiting Blood disorder Skin reactions

Question 48

Amikacin

Answer 48

For bacteria resistant to Gentamicin

Question 49

Neomycin

Answer 49

Too toxic for parenteral administration

Question 50

Tobramycin

Answer 50

Administer via nebuliser/inhaler

Question 51

MHRA Aminoglycosides Warning

Answer 51

Potential for histamine-related adverse drug reactions with some batches