Infections

Question 1

Cell Wall Destruction (Rx)

Answer 1

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Question 2

Cell Membrane (Rx)

Answer 2

Polymyxins

Most antifungals

Question 3

Essential Nutrients (Rx)

Answer 3

Sulfonamides

Antifolates

Question 4

Protein Synthesis

Answer 4

Aminoglycosides

Tetracyclines

Question 5

DNA Synthesis

Answer 5

Quinolones

Antineoplastics

Question 6

Resistance : Intrinsic

Answer 6

innately resistant to begin with

Question 7

Resistance: Acquired

Answer 7

resistant from survival of fitest

Question 8

DNA types (4)

Answer 8

mutation
transduction - bacteriophage
transformation - bacteria engulfes the bad
conjugation - two different organisms build bridge and transfer dna to eachother

Question 9

Resistance Vocabulary (Transport)

Answer 9

Can’t get drug into the cell

Question 10

Resistance Vocabulary (Biotransformation)

Answer 10

needs to get activated once inside cell and can’t

Question 11

Resistance Vocabulary (Binding affinity)

Answer 11

drug has to bind to the active site

Question 12

Resistance Vocabulary (Non-specific binding)

Answer 12

too many sites to bind to that aren’t the target site.

Question 13

BAD
Better
Best
(combination terms)

Answer 13

Antagonist (S+C)
Additive (S+S)
Synergistic (C+C)

Question 14

Static vs Cidal (Rx)

Answer 14

S: Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin

C: Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides

Question 15

Hx: Ehrlich

Answer 15

Selective toxicity based on different chemoreceptors

Question 16

Hx: Fleming & Florey

Answer 16

Mold (fungus) contamination of Staph plate inhibited growth of Staph. Partial purification of penicillin from mold

Question 17

Hx: Dubois

Answer 17

Isolation of microorganisms from the soil that were capable of killing bacteria. Streptomycin first, then erythromycin, tetracycline,
chloramphenicol, polymyxin

Question 18

Hx: Brotzu

Answer 18

Isolated a fungus from sewage outlet into sea water. Competitive environment. Cephalosporin extracted from fungus

Question 19

Sulfonamides (uses)

Answer 19

UTI
Ear infections
Prostatitis

Question 20

Penicillins (Rx staph & strep)

Answer 20

Penicillin V

Methicillin

Question 21

Penicillins (Rx, gram (-) coverage)

extension coverage

Answer 21

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Piperacillin

All combined with Beta Lactamase inhibitor so it doesn’t deactivate the penicillin ring.

Question 22

Cephalosporins (uses)

Answer 22

Most commonly prescribed for infections,
Most commonly used surgical prophylaxis
Similar MOA as PCN

Question 23

Cephalosporins (Generations & Rx)

Answer 23

1st
Cefazolin - surgical proph.
2nd
Cefaclor - influenzae
3rd
Ceftriaxone - Gonorrhea
Cefixime - Resp Strep
4th
Cefepime - Pseudomonas

Question 24

Carbapenems (uses)

Answer 24

Broad spectrum

Very good when PCN allergy is around and Zosyn can’t be used.

Question 25

Carbapenems (Rx)

Answer 25

Meropenem Imipenem Aztreonam

Question 26

Vancomycin ( - OR + ) (Administration)

Answer 26

Gram + Redman syndrome Shock possible \BP with anesthesia.

Question 27

Bacitracin | - OR +

Answer 27

gram + | Topical

Question 28

Polymyxin B (Use) (Administration)

Answer 28

Gram - topical | NMB potentiated with IV doses

Question 29

Aminoglycosides (MOA) (Side E.)

Answer 29

Ribosomal 30s | Kidney and Eye toxic

Question 30

Aminoglycosides | Rx

Answer 30

Gentamicin (broad) | Tobramycin (Pseudomonas)

Question 31

Tetracyclines (MOA) (Side E.)

Answer 31

Ribosomal 30s Photosensitivity Minocycline Doxycycline

Question 32

Tigecycline (use)

Answer 32

Broad coverage when PCN allergy

Question 33

Erythromycin

Answer 33

Macrolide 50s

Question 34

Clarithromycin

Answer 34

Macrolide 50s

Question 35

Clindamycin

Answer 35

Macrolide 50s

Question 36

Linezolid

Answer 36

Macrolide 50s

Question 37

Macrolies | Side E.

Answer 37

QT prolonged | C.Diff (Clinda)

Question 38

Polymyxins | Caution

Answer 38

prolongs NMB

Question 39

Quinolones (MOA) (use) -xacin

Answer 39

Holds DNA in tight coil UTI's Cipro: Pseudomonas Anthrax

Question 40

Quinolones | Side E.

Answer 40

QT Prolonged

Question 41

Metronidazole | Uses

Answer 41

anaerobics | metallic taste and furry tounge

Question 42

Nystatin

Answer 42

Antifungal topical

Question 43

Amphotericin

Answer 43

Antifungal systemic (sedate for side effects: chills fever H/A)

Question 44

Ketoconazole

Answer 44

Antifungal oral

Question 45

Fluconazol

Answer 45

Antifungal oral / IV

Question 46

Itraconazole

Answer 46

Antifungal oral

Question 47

Griseofulvin

Answer 47

Antifungal Mitotic spindle (microtubules)

Question 48

Terbinafine

Answer 48

Antifungal Skin (ringworm, nails, ect)

Question 49

Antifungals | Anesthesia

Answer 49

LA's potentiates growth inhibitory effects

Question 50

Iododeoxyuridine

Answer 50

Antiviral Topical Herpes

Question 51

Interferon

Answer 51

Antiviral | Hepatitis

Question 52

Acyclovir

Answer 52

Antiviral Herpes Toxic (anorexia, Nausea H/A rash)

Question 53

Ganciclovir

Answer 53

Antiviral | Cytomegalovirus

Question 54

Saquinavir

Answer 54

Antiviral

Question 55

Amantadine

Answer 55

Antiviral | Toxic (CNS dizzy)

Question 56

Ribavirin

Answer 56

Antiviral | Resp Syncytial virus in kids RSV

Question 57

Oseltamavir

Answer 57

Antiviral | Tamiflu

Question 58

AZT Norvir Efavirenz

Answer 58

HIV | Antiretrovirals

Question 59

Isoniazid

Answer 59

AntiTB

Question 60

Rifampin

Answer 60

AntiTB | RNA polymerase

Question 61

Ethambutol

Answer 61

AntiTB | arabinogalactan (cell wall stuff)

Question 62

Pyrazinamide

Answer 62

AntiTB

Question 63

Chloroquine

Answer 63

Antimalarials

Question 64

Primaquine

Answer 64

Antimalarials

Question 65

Pyrimethamine

Answer 65

Antimalarials