Infections

Question 1

things caused by H Pylori

Answer 1

peptic ulcer (duodenal or gastric)

also linked to gastric ca, lymphoma of malt, atrophic gastrits

Question 2

erysipelas

Answer 2

cellulitis and lymphangitis

STREP PYOG

Question 3

caused by strep pneumonia

Answer 3

pneumonia
meningitis
otitis media

Question 4

caused by strep pyogenes

Answer 4

impetigo
erysipelas
type 2 nec fasc
cellulitis
tonsillitis
scarlet fever (due to endotoxins)

Question 5

LRTI in kids ie bronchilitis

Answer 5

RSV

Question 5

common cold

Answer 5

rhinovirus

Question 6

Croup

Answer 6

parainfluenza

tx: dexa and pred orally
ned steroids (?adrenaline)

Question 6

pneumonia

Answer 6

strep pneumonia

staph aureus post flu

Question 7

Epiglottitis

Answer 7

HIb

Question 8

Whooping

Answer 8

Bordatella pertussis

Characteristically high wcc

Question 9

HIV during pregancy

Answer 9

maternal antiretroviral (zidovudine)
caeserean
neonatal antiretroviral
bottle feed

Question 10

post splenectomy

Answer 10

risk of pneumococcus, haemoph, meningococc

vaccinations: HIb, meningococc, flu (yearly), pneumococc (5 yearly)

penicillin V - affective vs strep but not haemoph (vaccine important)

Question 11

chlamydia treat

Answer 11

AZITHROMYCIN (1 dose)

or doxycyline (7 days)

partner notification last 6 months (treat then test)
-unless symptomatic man: last 4 weeks

Question 11

osteomyelitis

Answer 11

staph aureus
(if sickel - salmonella)

Ix: MRI

Question 12

chlamydia comps

Answer 12

reactive arthritis
epididymitis
PID
perihepatitis

Question 13

chickenpox

Answer 13

infective 5 days either side of rash

immnocompromised of newbrons

exposed: give varicella zoster Ig
rash: give IV aciclovir

Question 14

nec fasc

Answer 14

strep pyogenes
v tender cellulitits, hemorrhagic bullae

debridement

Question 15

diarrhoea in hiv

Answer 15

cryptosporidium

supporive treatment

Question 16

infective mononucleosis
glandular fevr
ebv

Answer 16

EBV
monospot, FBC and blood film

malaise fever sore throat lymphadenopathy
get a rash if given amoxicillin

treat is supportive

Question 17

c diff

Answer 17

Pseudomembranous colitis
Gram + (spindle or drumstick shaped)
diarrhoea, pain, raised wc
diag: toxin in stool
treat: metronidazole
risk factor: broad spec abx

Question 18

India ink stain

Answer 18

Cryptococcus neoformans

• fungal menigitis or Enceph in aids

Question 19

Streptoccoccus subtypes

Answer 19

Gram pos, coagulase neg

Alpha haem (partial)

• strep pneumonia
• strep viridans

Beta haem (complete)
A: strep pyog
B,C,D etc

Question 20

Gonorrhoea

Answer 20

Gram neg diplococc

Question 20

Tuberculous

Answer 20

Lowenstein jensen medium
Ziehl-nielsen stain
Auramine stain
Acid fast bacili

Question 21

Pseudomonas aeriginosa

Answer 21

Gram neg motile bacili MacConkey agar - Non lactose fermenting

Question 22

Bacillus cereus

Answer 22

Gram pos bacillus

Question 23

Legionella

Answer 23

Gram neg rods Slow culture Milky white colonies on charcoal yeast extract

Question 24

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Answer 24

No cell wall Pleomorphic Atyp pneumonia - headache diarrhoe fatigue Erythema multiforme, haemolytic anaemia, guillan barre

Question 25

E coli

Answer 25

Gram neg rod Lactose fementing on macconkey agar HUS

Question 26

Giardia

Answer 26

Cysts and trophozites

Question 27

Vibrio cholera

Answer 27

Rice water stools Gram neg motile bacillis

Question 28

Bacillus cereus

Answer 28

Gram pos bacilli

Question 28

Campylobacter

Answer 28

Gram neg spiral

Question 29

Gram neg rods

Answer 29

Salmonella (motile) Shigella E coli Cholera (motile) Klebsiella Legionella Haemoph influ Pseudomonas (motile, non lact ferm) H pylori

Question 30

Staph aureus

Answer 30

Gram pos coag pos catalase pos

Question 31

Chlamydi

Answer 31

Gram neg rod or cocci

Question 32

Gonorr

Answer 32

Gram neg diplococc

Question 33

Neisseria menigitidis

Answer 33

Gram neg diplococc (like gonorr)

Question 34

Malaria

Answer 34

tropics eg India suspect in fever or flu like illness with visit to malaria areas in past 2 months, esp if concern over antimalarial compliance different stains (falciparum, vivax etc) with different presentations and incubations paroxysms of rigors, vomting, sweating severe: 'cerebral malaira' with falciparum - fits, neurology, coma. can also get diarrhoea, cardiac failure, ARDS, death test: thin and thick blood films - need three negatives also see anaemia and thrombocytopenia treat: supportive, quinine, abx