Infections in Pregnancy and the Neonate Flashcards Preview

MD3002 Reproductive > Infections in Pregnancy and the Neonate > Flashcards

Flashcards in Infections in Pregnancy and the Neonate Deck (17)
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1
Q

What are the manifestations of congenital infection and examples?

A
  • growth retardation
  • congenital malformation
  • foetal loss

Examples:

  • rubella
  • CMV
  • HIV
2
Q

What are the manifestations of perinatal infection and examples?

A
  • meningitis
  • septicaemia
  • pneumonia
  • pre-term labour

Examples:

  • gonococcus
  • chlamydia
  • HSV
3
Q

What are the manifestations of post-natal infection and examples?

A
  • meningitis
  • septicaemia
  • conjunctivitis
  • penumonitis

Examples:

  • n. gonorrhoea
  • chlamydia
  • HIV
4
Q

When can a rubella infection arise in pregnancy and the signs of it?

A
  • first trimester (high risk of congenital rubella syndrome)

Signs:

  • hepatitis-associated jaundice
  • haemolysis
  • thrombocytopaenia
5
Q

What are the consequences of congenital rubella syndrome?

A
  • low birth weight
  • microcephalus
  • cataract
  • deafness
  • heart defects
  • difficulty attaining developmental milestones
6
Q

What are the preventative measures for intra-uterine and perinatal infections?

A
  • MMR vaccine (rubella)
  • pre-natal screening (rubella, syphilis, asymptomatic bacteriuria)
  • VZV immunoglobulin/live vaccine (VZV)
  • HIV testing/counselling/antiretroviral meds/c-section prior to labour/discouraging breastfeeding (HIV)
  • barrier contraception/avoi mosquito bites (zika)
7
Q

Describe the consequences of varicella zoster virus (VZV) and treatment

A

in first 20 weeks gestation:

  • congenital varicella syndrome
  • eye defects
  • hypoplastic limb
  • microcephalus

Around delivery:

  • neonatal varicella syndrome
  • rash
  • pneumonitis
  • treatment: aciclovir (IV)
8
Q

What are the signs, diagnosis and management of parvovirus B19?

A
  • foetal anaemia
  • hydrops (<10%)
  • diagnosed by CVS/amniocentesis
  • monitor for foetal ascites
  • can result in slapped cheek syndrome
9
Q

What are the consequences and method to diagnose CMV during pregnancy?

A
  • can cause deafness and retardation of foetus

- diagnosed using NAAT on amniotic fluid and neonatal blood/urine

10
Q

What are the consequences of listeriosis infection during pregnancy?

A
  • early pregnancy: foetal death
  • later pregnancy: premature birth
    intrapartum exposure: meningitis and bacteraemia

Foetal infection:

  • bacteraemia
  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • meningoencephaly
  • thrombocytopaenia
  • pneumonitis
11
Q

What is the diagnosis, treatment and management of listeriosis during pregnancy?

A
  • diagnosed by culturing blood/CSF/placental tissue/lochia

- treatment: specialist advice on antibiotics

12
Q

What are the consequences of toxoplasmosis infection during the first and second trimester of pregnancy?

A
  • still born
  • death soon after birth
  • cerebral calcification
  • cerebral palsy
  • epilepsy
  • chorioretinitis
13
Q

How would you confirm maternal infection of toxoplasmosis and treat it?

A
  • confirmed by presence of IgM antibodies

- treated with spiramycin

14
Q

How can a s.aureus infection manifest onto a neonate?

A

scalded skin syndrome

15
Q

What are the signs of zika virus?

A
  • through a bite: fever, rash, joint pain, conjunctivitis

- through pregnancy: severe congenital brain effects (microencephaly, Guillain-Barre syndrome)

16
Q

Describe opthalmia neonatorum

A
  • conjunctivitis contracted by newborns during delivery
  • mother infected with n.gonorrhoeae or c.trachomatis
  • can cause blindness without treatment
17
Q

Why are pregnant women more susceptible to pyelonephritis?

A
  • urinary tract changes during pregnancy
  • compression of the ureters from the gravid uterus causes ureteral dilation
  • progesterone also causes smooth muscle relaxation which also leads to dilation and urinary stasis
  • vesicoureteral reflux increases