INFECTIONS IN THE SKIN Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
Flat lesions characterized by change in color
A
Macules
2
Q
Raised lesions less than 5 mm in diameter
A
Papules
3
Q
Flat with elevated surface (plateau-like)
A
Plaques
4
Q
Rounded raised lesions
A
Nodules
5
Q
Annular or ring like papules or plaques (pinkish)
A
Urticaria (wheals or hives)
6
Q
Circumscribed fluid-filled lesions less than 5 mm
A
Vesicles
7
Q
Circumscribed fluid-filled lesions more than 5 mm
A
Bullae
8
Q
Circumscribed exudate-filled
A
Pustules
9
Q
Skin lesions due to bleeding
A
Purpura
10
Q
Bleeding less than 3mm
A
Petechiae
11
Q
Bleeding more than 3 mm
A
Ecchymosis
12
Q
Crater like lesions involve the deeper layers of the skin
A
Ulcer
13
Q
Necrotic ulcer covered with a blackened scab
A
Eschar
14
Q
The common pathogen in humans
A
Staphylococcus aureus
15
Q
The gram-positive usually arranged individually, in pairs, short chain, but commonly in grape like clusters.
A
Staphylococcus aureus
16
Q
S. Aureus found in?
A
Skin and nasopharynx
17
Q
What is the mode of transmission of S. Aureus?
A
Direct contact with a person
18
Q
Pyogenic (pus producing) infection involving hair follicles. Painful inflammation
A
Folliculitis
19
Q
(BOIL) Characterized by larger and painful nodes with an underlying collection of dead and necrotic tissues.
A
Furuncle
20
Q
Coalescence of furuncles that extends into the subcutaneous tissue with multiple sinus tracts.
A
Carbuncle
21
Q
Folliculitis at the base of the eyelids
A
Sty or Hordeolum
22
Q
Common in young children and primarily involves the face and the limbs.
A
Impetigo
23
Q
Starts as flattened red spot (macules) which later becomes a pus-filled vesicles that rupture and forms crust (honey-colored crust). Cause by both S. Aureus and S. pyogenes
A
Impetigo
24
Q
Common in babies that is manifested by sudden onset of perioral erythema (redness) that covers the whole body within 2 days.
A
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ritter’s Disease)
25
Laboratory diagnosis for S. Aureus includes?
Microscopic examination of gram-stained specimen and culture ( gray to golden yellow colonies)
26
What is the treatment for S. Aureus?
Oxacillin ( Only penicillin derivative)
27
Stitch's abscess, UTI and endocarditis. Causes infections in individuals with prosthetic devices.
Staphylococcus epidemidis
28
Beta hemolytic (cause complete hemolysis of blood). Gram positive cocci arranged in pairs or in chains. M protein which is anti-phagocytic the major virulence factor.
Streptococcus pyogenes
29
Purulent skin infection that is localized and commonly involves the face and upper and lower extremities. There may be enlargement of the regional lymph nodes but no sign of systemic infection.
Pyoderma ( Impetigo)
30
Respiratory tract or skin infection caused by S. Pyegenes. Manifest with localized raised areas associated w/pain, erytthema, and warmth. Accompanied lymphadenopathy and systemic manifestations.
Erysipelas (St. Anthony's Fire)
31
Skin and subcutaneous tissues. Local inflammation with systemic signs
Cellulitis
32
Deep subcutaneous tissue and also known as "flesh eating" or streptococcal gangrene. Start as cellulitis becomes bullous and gangrenous. Spreads to fascia then the muscle and fat. May become systemic and cause multi-organ failure leading to death.
Necrotizing Fasciitis
33
Associated with skin and throat infections
Acute glomerulonephritis
34
Associated with S. Pyogenes throat infection.
Rheumatic Fever
35
Laboratory diagnosis for S. pyogenes
Microscopy, Culture, Bacitracin Test - antibiotic susceptibility test
36
Gram negatives are arranged in pairs that are encapsulated. They are capable of producing water-soluble pigments.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
37
It is an opportunistic pathogen, a common cause of nosocomial infections (hospital-acquired).
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
38
Mode of transmission of P. Aeruginosa
Colonization of previously injured skin
39
Clinical findings of P. Aeruginosa?
Blue- green pus that exudes a sweet grape-like odor
40
Inflammation of the bone and cartilage of the foot following a penetrating injury
Osteochondritis
41
Preventive measures for P. Aeruginosa?
Preventing contamination of sterile hospital equipment and instruments
42
Gram-positive bacilli that are anaerobic and rarely produce endospores.
Clostridium perfringens
43
44
The four lethal toxins of C. Perfringens
Alpha, Beta, Iota and Epsilon toxins
45
What is the most lethal toxins in C. Perfringens and why?
Alpha toxins, acts as lecithinase that cause lysis of erythrocytes, pltaelets and leukocytes. ( Causes massive hemolysis and bleeding and tissue destruction)
46
Mode of trans mission of C. Perfringens
Coclonization of the skin following physical trauma or surgery
47
Soft tissue infection of C. Perfringens
Cellulitis, suppurative myositis, and myonecrosis or gas gangrene
48
A life threatening infection following physical trauma or surgery characterized by massive tissue necrosis with gaw formation, shock, renal failure, and death within 2 days onset
Gas Gangrene
49
A bacilli that is a gram positive arranged in individually or in pairs or long serpentine chains giving them look like "bamboo fishing rod" or "Medusa head" appearance
Bacillus anthracis
50
This is responsible for virulence of the organism (b. Anthrax) for evading phagocytosis and toxins edema toxin both of which inhibit the host's immune response
Polypeptide capsule
51
Why b. Antrax can also be used as bioterrorism?
It is transmitted through inoculation into open skin and inhalation of aerosolized spores
52
The disease of herbivores
Anthrax
53
Of the three forms ( cutaneous, gastrointestinal or pulmonary anthrax), what is the common?
Skin infection and cutaneous anthrax
54
Demonstration of the spores
Corner stain or Wirtz-Conklin stain
55
What is the cause of tinea versicolor?
Malassezia furfur
56
Normal Flora of the skin rich in sebaceous glands more common in tropical regions
Tinea vesicolor
57
What is the lesions of tinea vesicolor that usually appear on the face, neck, trunk and arms?
Scaly, w/ a dry, chalky appearance
58
Diagnosis of Malassezia furfur
Microscopic visualization of "spaghetti and meatballs" with an alkaline solution(10% KOH or NaOH)
59
It is cause by Hortaea werneckii( formerly known as Exophiala werneckii)
Tinea Nigra
60
61
This is a dematiaceous fungus that produces melanin and grows as mold producing annelids or annelloconidia. Common in tropical and sub tropical areas more frequent in adolescents, young adults, and females
Hortaea werneckii
62
63
The infection that is caused by a group of fungi.
Dermatophytes
64
Infect the hairs and nails only. Produces both microconidia and macroconidia
Microsporum
65
Infect the skin and nails. Produces smooth-walled macroconidia in bundles of two or three
Epidermophyton
66
Infect the skin, hair and nails. Predominantly produces microconidia
Trichophyton
67
Present of a ring worm pattern. The lesion have reddish border with central clearing.
Tinea
68
Athlete's foot (feet)
Tinea pedis
69
Scalp
Tinea capitis
70
Body
Tinea corporis
71
Jock itch (groin)
Tinea cruris
72
Hands
Tinea Manus
73
Beard
Tinea barbae
74
Onychomycosis (nails)
Tinea unguium
75
Arthoconidia are outside the hair shaft.
Ectothrix
76
Artoconida inside the hair shaft
Endothrix
77
Formed inside the hair but with "honeycomb" pattern
Favic
78
Deeper layers of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue then later the bones
Subcutaneous mycoses
79
Mode of transmission of subcutaneous mycoses
Traumatic inoculation
80
Rose gardener's disease caused by dimorphic fungus (Sporothrix schenckii) found in soil and decaying vegetation.
Sporotrichosis
81
Verrucous nodules or plaques
Chromoblastomycosis
82
83
True fungi (eumycotic mycetoma) or actinomocytes (actinomycotic mycetoma)
Mycetoma or Madura Foot
84
DNA virus, the human papilloma virus (Family Papovaviridae)
Warts
85
Mode of transmission of HPV infection
(1) Direct contact through mucosal
(2) Sexual contact
(3) Upon passage through infected birth canal
86
Common, plantar, and flat warts. Benign, self-limiting proliferation of the skin that undergoes spontaneous resolution
Skin warts
87
Affected sites of HPV types 1-4 among children and adolescents.
Hands and feets
88
Also known as condylomata acuminata
Genital and anogenital warts
89
Treatment and prevention of Warts
(1) Surgical excision
(2) Cryosurgery
(3) Electrocautery
(4) Application of caustic agent such as podophyllin
(5) Interferon for genital warts
90
These viruses are capable of latency in the neurons and are capable of recurrent infections.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) types 1 and 2
91
HSV can be transmitted through?
(1) Oral contact (kissing)
(2) Fomites ( sharing of glasses, toothbrushes other saliva-contaminated materials)
(3) Sexual contact
(4) Transplacental (during pregnancy)
(5) During childbirth
92
Primary caused by HSV-1. It present as vesicles that rupture and ulcerate. Lesions are seen in the buccal mucosa, palate, gingivae, pharynx and the tongue (Gingivitis). Common during childhood.
Gingivostomatitis
93
Represent recurrent mucocutaneous HSV infection (HSV-1 and HSV-2). Lesions are usually located at the vermillion borders of the lips. Also called Fever Blister or Cold Sore.
Herpes labialis
94
Involving the fingers and caused by both HSV types 1 and 2.
Herpetic Window
95
Infection occurring children with eczema. HSV can be an opportunistic pathogen. Also cause a superimpose infection in burns
Eczema herpeticum
96
Infection usually acquired during wrestling or playing rugby
Herpes gladiatorum
