Infections, organisms and treatments Flashcards
(55 cards)
Which abx predispose to C diff?
Cephalosporins
Ones beginning with C
How long is a UTI treatment?
3 days in women, 7 days in men
Why should you not give abx if infected with E Coli E157?
Can cause haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Describe staph aureus
Gram positive, coagulase positive
Patients very unwell if it is in blood
What colour is the gram neg and positive stain?
Negative - red
Positive - blue
Describe gram positive bacteria
Staph and strep
Staph can be split into coagulase positive (staph aureus) and negative
Describe coagulase negative bacteria
Don’t cause infection in well people unless associated with a device (pacemaker, heart valves etc) as they produce an exopolysaccharide which mediates adhesion
Describe the gram negatives
E coli, Klebsiella, proteus
Nyseria (diplococci)
How do you test for hep B?
Hep B surface antigen (HBsAg) (marker of acute and persistent infection)
Anti HBs = hep B immunisation
Anti-HBc IgM = recent infection
How do you test for hep C?
Anti HCV
Then use PCR testing to indicate whether it is active
What is a common cause of a surgical site infection and how would you treat it?
Staph aureus, then strep pyogenes (group A beta haemolytic)
Treat with flucloxacillin for 7-10 days
Vancomycin if allergic
What do you treat MRSA with?
Vancomycin with oral switch to clarithromycin, tetracycline or linezolid
What do you treat strep pyogenes with?
Benzylpenicillin IV then oral switch to phenoxymethypenicillin or amoxicillin after 48-72 hours
Add clindamycin if it is a serious infection
Penicillin allergic = clarithromycin, clindamycin or vancomycin
If using vancomycin oral switch should be to clarithromycin or clindamycin
What do you treat strep pneumoniae with?
Benzylpenicillin
How do you treat prosthetic valve endocarditis?
Vancomycin (IV) and rifampicin for 6-8 weeks
Gentamicin for first 2 weeks
Why do you vancomycin IV?
Doesn’t absorb if given orally (although good for C diff)
How do you treat E coli?
IV cefuroxime with oral switch depending on sensitivities
Use ciprofloxacin if allergic - can give orally
How do you treat enterococcus faecalis?
Amoxicillin IV then oral switch
Vancomycin if allergic
If you have no spleen, what organisms are you at risk of getting?
No Spleen How Mean Can Strep pneumoniae Neisseria H influenza Malaria Capnocytophaga canimorsus
What do you use for prophylaxis on people without a spleen?
Oral phenoxymethylpenicillin or erythromycin if allergic
What do you use for prophylaxis for operations on large bowel?
Co-amoxiclav
What are aminoglycosides good for?
Gram negative bacteria eg pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci and mycobacteria
What is GDH?
Precursor to c diff
Give an example of a diplo cocci
Strep pneumoniae
