Infectious

Question 1

Beta lactam abx

Answer 1

PCN
carbapenems
aztreonam
cephalosporins

Question 2

Beta lactam abx action

Answer 2

inhibit cell wall synthesis by blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking
–>Bactericidal

Question 3

beta lactam cns penetration

Answer 3

only ones are ceftriaxone and aztreonam

Question 4

Beta lactam elimination

Answer 4

renally

Question 5

beta lactamase inhibtors

CAST

Answer 5

Clavulanic Acid Sulbactam Tazobactam

Question 6

PCNs

Pencillin G and V clincial use

Answer 6

Gram-positive aerobes (streptococcus, enteroccus facecalis)
Gram Neg cocci Nesseria Menigitis
Sphriochetes (treponema pallidum)

Question 7

Anti staphy PCNs
Nafcillin
Dicloxacillin
oxacillin

Answer 7

Gram positive aerobes –>MSSA

can cause intersitial nephritis

Question 8

AminoPCNs
Amoxicillin-clavulanate = Augmentin
Ampicillin-Sulbactam= Unasyn

Clinical use
sid effects are pseudobranous colitis (C. dif)

Answer 8

HHELPSSS destory enterococci
H. pylori
H. influenzae
E. Coli
Listeria
Proteus
Salmonella
Shigella
Enterococci

Question 9

UreidoPCNs

piperacillin-tazobacatm= Zosyn

Answer 9

Gram negative bacilli–> Pseudomnas

Question 10

A TICk kills Pseudomonas with a PIPE bomb in a CAR

Answer 10

TICarcillin
PIPEracillin
CARbenicillin

Question 11

Carbapenems =
Imipenem
Meropenem
Ertapenem
Doripenem

Answer 11

Broad spectrum
Cover everything except MRSA, enterococcus, legionella
ertapenem does not cover for pseudomonas

Question 12

Carbapenems

adverse effects

Answer 12

Lower seizure threshold
GI upset
rash

Question 13

Monobactam= Aztreonam

Answer 13

Gram negative bacilli only (e. coli, klebsiella, proteus, pseudomonas)
synergistic wiht aminoglycosides
alternative for beta lactasmase resistance

Question 14

1st generation Cephalosprins=
Cephalexin–> Kefflex
cefazolin

Answer 14

GP- cocci (MSSA and Strep)
Proteus
E coli
Klebsiella

Question 15

2nd gen Cephalosporins=

cefaclor, cefuroxaime, cefoxitin, cefotetan

Answer 15

GP- cocci (MSSA and Strep)
H influenza
Enterobacter
Neisseria
Proteus
E coli
Klebsiella
Serratia

Question 16

3rd gen Cephalosporins=

Cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime

Answer 16

severe gram-neg infection
Ceftazidime good against pseudomonas
Ceftriaxone good CNS penetration and use in dissemianted lyme disease, gonrrhea

Question 17

4th gen Cephalosporin=

Cefepime

Answer 17

Gram-neg including pseudomonas

gram- pos MSSA (no MRSA)

Question 18

5th gen cephalosporins=

ceftaroline

Answer 18

gram positive with MRSA coverage

gram negative but not pseudomonas

Question 19

Cephalosporins can be LAME

Answer 19

dont usually act against
Listeria
Atypical organisms (chlamydia, mycoplasma)
MRSA
Enterococci

Question 20

Cephalosporins side effects

Answer 20

hypersensitivity
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Vit K def
Disulfiram-like reaction

Question 21

Glycopeptides=

Vancomycin

Answer 21

Bactericidal
Gram-positive bacteria only
MRSA
S. epidermidis
Enterococci
C. diff

Question 22

Vancomycin

side effects

Answer 22

nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity
Red man syndrome
thrombophlebitis

Question 23

Lipopeptides=

Daptomycin

Answer 23

Bactericidal
gram positive aerobes
MRSA except for lungs such as PNA because inactivated by surfactant
Vancomycin resistant enterococci

Question 24

Daptomycin side effects

Answer 24

myopathy and rhabdomyolysis

Question 25

Trypanosoma brucei is what and from where and transmitted by what

Answer 25

parasite sub-saharan Africa tsetse fly

Question 26

What type of diagnostic test must be done on all cases of African trypanosomiasis

Answer 26

lumbar puncture

Question 27

Clinical features of Trypanosoma brucei

Answer 27

Stage 1 fever with painless cervical lymphadenopathy in posterior triangle of neck (winterbottom sign) stage 2 psychosis, somnolence, ataxia coma

Question 28

west african sleep sickness tx

Answer 28

stage 1 pentamidine | stage 2 eflornithine and nifurtimox

Question 29

east african sleeping sickness tx

Answer 29

stage 1 suramin | stage 2 melarsoprol

Question 30

Entamoeba histolytic is a what, found where, transmitted by?

Answer 30

Protozoan/ parasite Mexico, SE asia, India Fecal oral route

Question 31

Young man recently traveled from Mexico presents with persistent diarrhea with blood and mucus, RUQ pain what does he have

Answer 31

Entamoeba histolytic with amebic liver abscess | get stool analysis for cysts of trophozites

Question 32

how will amebic liver abscess present on imaging

Answer 32

US: hypoechoic solitary lesion typically in right lobe

Question 33

how to treat intestinal amebiasis

Answer 33

if symptomatic use metronidazole then paromomycin