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Infectious disease > Infectious diarrhoea > Flashcards

Infectious diarrhoea Flashcards

1
Q

What is viral gastroenteristis

A

Acute inflammation of lining of stomach and small intestine from viral infection

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1
Q

Most common causative organ in children vs adults viral diarrhoea

A

Norovirus in adults
Rotavirus in children

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2
Q

Management of viral gastroenteritis

A

Assessing for features of dehydration and shock - fluid resus if severe
Consider need for hospital admission
Enabling rehydration and electrolyte replacement
Prevent spread of infection

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3
Q

When need urgent fluid resuscitation

A

Systolic blood pressure <100
Heart rate >90
Cool peripheries
Respiratory rate >20
NEWS score >5

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4
Q

When admit someone to hospital with viral diarrhoea

A

If they are unable to to maintain oral intake due to vomiting
Some elderly individuals >60 years old, who are more at risk of severe dehydration
Abdominal tenderness
Diarrhoea lasting 10 days or more

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5
Q

What complication of Ecoli diarrhoea can be life threatening

A

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

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6
Q

Definition of diarrhoea

A

> 3 loose or watery stools a day
<14 days acute diarrhoea, >14 = chronic diarrhoea

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7
Q

What is travellers diarrhoea

A

at least 3 loose or watery stools in 24 hours with or without one or more of abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, vomitting or blood in the stool

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8
Q

Acute food poisonning causes

A

Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus or Clostridium perfringens.

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9
Q

What type of diarrhoea does giardiasis cause

A

Prolonged non bloody

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10
Q

How does E coli spread

A

Infected faeces, unwashed saladsm contaminated water

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11
Q

Toxin in e coli diarrhoea and what causes

A

Shiga toxin -> abdo cramps, bloody diarrhoea and vomitting

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12
Q

Why avoid antibiotics in ecoli diarrhoea

A

Increase risk of HUS

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13
Q

What is campylobacter and how is it spread

A

Gram negative bacteria curved or spiral shaped
Raw or improperly cooked poultry
Untreated water
Unpasteurised milk

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14
Q

Symptoms of campylobacter

A

Abdominal cramps
Diarrhoea often with blood
Vomiting
Fever

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15
Q

INcubation and resolution time campylobacter

A

2-5 days incubation
3-6 day symptom resolution

16
Q

What is treatemnt for campylobacter diarrhoea

A

Antibiotics if successfully isolate and severe symptoms or risk factors eg HIV, HF
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin and ciprofloxacin 2nd line

17
Q

INcubation and length of shgella diarrhoea

A

1-2 days incubation
Resolved within week

18
Q

Salmonella incubation and length of illness

A

12 hour to 3 days incubation
Symptoms resolve in one week

19
Q

What causes bacillue cereus

A

Gram + rod
Spread through contaminated cooked food - grows if not refrigerated
-> cereulide

20
Q

Onset and length of bacillue cereus

A

5 hour incubation vomitting
Diarrhoea after 8 hurs
Resolves within 24 hours

21
Q

What causes yersinia infection

A

Gram negative baccillus
Pigs are key carriers - raw or undercooked pork

22
Q

Yersinia incubation and length of infection

A

4-7 dyas
>3 weeks of symptoms

23
Q

What infectious diarrhoea can be istaken for appendicitis and whty

A

Yersinia - R sided abdo pain due to mesenteric lymphadenitis

24
Q

Staph aureus onset and reolution diarrhoea

A

Eggs, dariry and meat enterotoxins
Start within hours of ingestion, settle in 12-24 hours

25
Q

Giardiasis transmission

A

Parasites release cysts in faeces-> food or water
Chronic diarrhoea

26
Q

Diagnosis of giardiasis

A

NAAT or EIA testing stool

27
Q

Treatment giardiasis

A

Tinidazole
Metronidazole

28
Q

Incubation period of all infectious diarrhoeas

A

1-6 hrs: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus*
12-48 hrs: Salmonella, Escherichia coli
48-72 hrs: Shigella, Campylobacter
> 7 days: Giardiasis, Amoebiasis

29
Q

Amoebiasis presenations

A

Gradual onset bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain and tenderness which may last for several weeks

30
Q

What does less than 6 hour onset of symptoms from food suggest

A

Preformed toxin eg bacillus cereus or staph aureus

31
Q

red flags in acute diarrhoea

A

Blood in the stool, which is usually seen with invasive pathogens or severe inflammation, e.g. ulcerative colitis.
Recent hospital treatment or antibiotic treatment.
Weight loss.
Evidence of dehydration.
Nocturnal symptoms — organic cause more likely.
sexual history (particularly in MSM) to exclude sexually transmitted enteric infection.

32
Q

HOW LONG does diarrhoea from protazoa tend to be

A

over 14 days

33
Q

Causes of bloody diarrhoea

A

Bacterial: Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Shigella, Yersinia, Aeromonas, Clostridioides difficile.
Viruses: cytomegalovirus.
Parasites: Entamoeba histolytica, schistosomiasis

Infectious disease (37 decks)

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