Infectious Disease Flashcards by Sam Biniazan

Treatment of choice for disseminated histoplasmosis

Liposomal amphotericin B

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First line treatment for primary pneumonic plague

Streptomycin or gentamicin

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Management of TB meningitis

Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol plus dexamethasone

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Guideline-based recommendations for empiric therapy of community-acquired pneumonia requiring ICU admission

β-lactam (ampicillin-sulbactam, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, or ceftaroline) to treat Streptococcus pneumoniae, gram-negative bacilli, or Haemophilus influenzae + agent active against Legionella, such as a macrolide or quinolone.

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Freshwater exposure + uveitis, rash, CONJUNCTIVAL SUFFUSION, sepsis, lymphadenopathy, kidney injury, and hepatosplenomegaly

Leptospiral meningitis

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Appropriate management for fulminant clostridium difficile infections

Oral vancomycin + IV metronidazole; Vancomyosin enemas may also be added if ileus is present

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NTB mycobacteria that produces chronic, nonhealing wound/ulcers that do not respond to conventional antimicrobial therapy

Mycobacterium fortuitum

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Indications for treating asymptomatic bacteriuria

1) Pregnancy

2) Medical clearance before an invasive urologic procedure

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HIV postexposure prophylaxis

Tenofovir, emtricitabine, dolutegravir OR raltegravir

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Ear pain, a vesicular rash in the external ear (although the rash may be absent), and ipsilateral peripheral facial palsy in association with Varicella-zoster virus

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

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Nonfocal febrile illness associated with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated hepatic enzyme levels, and a rapid response to tetracycline

Human monocytic ehrliciosis

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Most common cause of recurrent viral meningitis

HSV type 2

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Most common cause of swimming pool related outbreaks of diarrhea; diagnosis is made by microscopic examination of the stool (revealing oocytes) or by stool antigen testing

Cryptosporidium

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Treatment for travel-associated Cyclospora infection

Bactrim

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Pre-travel hepatitis A prophylaxis

Single dose of Hepatitis A vaccine given any time before travel

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Preferred class of antibiotics for treating ESBL infection

Carbapenems

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Labs to monitor while receiving daptomycin therapy

Kidney function and creatine kinase

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Painless violaceous skin nodules with oral involvement in patients with poorly treated/severe AIDS

Kaposi sarcoma (HHV8)

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Appropriate antibiotic management for MSSA osteomyelitis in the setting of orthopedic hardware if the hardware cannot be removed

Cefazolin + rifampin

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Antibiotic best used for MDR pseudomonas infection

Ceftolozane-tazobactam

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Pneumonia + bird exposure

Chlamydia psittaci

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Criteria for severe C diff infection

WBC > 15K + SCr > 1.5

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Recommended treatment for secondary syphilis

Single dose of IM benzathine penicillin

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Recommended treatment for vibrio vulnificus associated necrotizing fasciitis

Doxycycline + ceftazidine

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Appropriate screening test for patient with history of recurrent neisseria infection or a history of neisseria infections among multiple family members

Total hemolytic complement (CH50) level

Dimorphic, round, budding yeast that most often manifests as primary pulmonary infection and immunocompetent persons. Primarily found along the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys.

Blastomycosis

Treatment of choice for patients with isolated facial nerve palsy and positive enzyme immunoassay results for Lyme disease

Doxycycline

Recommended treatment for clostridium perfringens associated necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis

Penicillin + clindamycin

Recommended two-step screening test for HIV infection

A fourth generation HIV-1/2 antigen/antibody combination immunoassay test followed by a confirmatory antibody differentiation assay

Vaccine contraindicated in those with HIV

Live influenza vaccine (regardless of CD4 count) MMR vaccine (If CD4 count consistently < 200 µL)

Recommended prophylaxis for patients potentially exposed to anthrax spores and without local or systemic infection

Doxycycline or ciprofloxacin + anthrax immunization

Standard treatment for Anthrax with systemic manifestations

Fluoroquinolone or doxycycline + penicillin, meropenem, or vancomycin + proteins synthesis inhibitor (I.e. linezolid, clindamycin)

Low IgG levels, impaired antibody production to pneumococcal or tetanus vaccines, and variably decreased IgA and IgM antibody levels. Symptoms can include upper and/or lower respiratory tract infections caused by encapsulated bacteria, mycoplasma species, and respiratory viruses as well as chronic diarrhea caused by giardiasis or chronic norovirus infection

Common variable immunodeficiency

HIV preexposure prophylaxis

Tenofovir disoproxil fumurate and emtricitabine

Cavitary lung disease classically seen in older adult white men with underlying lung disease (I.e. COPD) and smoking history

Mycobacterium avium complex infection

Appropriate initial strategy for women with recurrent cystitis

Self-treatment with a first-line, short-course regimen (such as nitrofurantoin)

Induction therapy for cryptococcal meningitis

Liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine

Empiric treatment of moderate severity non-purulent cellulitis

Penicillin, ceftriaxone, cefazolin, or clindamycin

Self-limited skin infection associated with the use of hot tubs, swimming pools, saunas, and whirl pools containing pseudomonas aeruginosa

Hot tub folliculitis

Appropriate management for patients with chronic hepatitis B infection who will be receiving immunosuppressive therapy

Antiviral therapy (entecavir or tenofovir) to prevent reactivation

Antiviral treatment for influenza is recommended for the following:

1) Hospitalized Adults with documented or suspected influenza 2) Outpatients with severe or progressive illness regardless of illness duration 3) Older adults and immunosuppressed patients

Most common cause of fever in travelers returning from South America. The development of petechiae after deflating a blood pressure cuff (+ tourniquet test) is characteristic.

Dengue virus infection

Empiric therapy for bacterial meningitis

Vancomyosin, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, dexamethasone

Gram-negative bacillus/rod typically occurring from dog (or cat) bite or scratch or exposure to dog saliva in patients with asplenia, functional hyposplenism, history of excessive alcohol use, or cirrhosis.

Capnocytophaga canimorsus

Appropriate treatment for severe malaria

IV artesunate

Appropriate management for severe Campylobacter related diarrhea or for patients at risk for severe disease (Immuno compromised, pregnant, older adults)

Azithromycin

Appropriate management for patients with classic fever of unknown origin (T > 38.3C for > 3 weeks) that remains undiagnosed after careful extensive evaluation and 2 visits in ambulatory setting.

No further testing or treatment

Lone star tick infection that causes fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, malaise and is not responsive to doxycycline

Heartland virus

Appropriate management for immunosuppressed patients with severe or disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection

Admission + IV acyclovir

Cardiac complication with Fluoroquinolones

QT-interval prolongation

Viral encephalitis presenting with fever, tremors, parkinsonism, myoclonus, maculopapular rash. MRI with classic basal ganglia involvement,

West Nile virus encephalitis

Diagnosing West Nile virus encephalitis

Serum IgM

Preferred treatment for patients with latent TB infection

Isoniazid + rifampin daily for 3 months

Recommended imaging for patients with suspected osteomyelitis and a normal plane radiograph

MRI +/- contrast

Confirmatory test for patients with symptoms worrisome for acute HIV infection but with negative HIV p24 antigen and HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody detection test

HIV-1 RNA NAAT

Treatment for persistent and debilitating cryptosporidia diarrhea in patients with HIV infection awaiting immune reconstitution

Nitazoxanide

Appropriate outpatient treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease

Ceftriaxone (1 dose) + doxycycline (14 days)

Appropriate inpatient treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease

Cefotetan or cefoxitin + doxycycline OR clindamycin + gentamicin

Appropriate time period To start post-HIV exposure prophylaxis

Within first 72 hours

Most common presentation of neurocysticercosis

Seizures

Antibiotic prophylaxis following a human bite

Augmentin

Diplopia, dystonia, dysarthria, dysphagia followed by weakness and flaccid paralysis in the upper extremities, descending to the trunk and lower limbs

Botulism toxicity

Recommended prophylaxis for travelers diarrhea in patients with underlying conditions that place them at higher risk of infection or disease complications (I.e. immunocompromised, IBD, CKD)

Rifaximin

Myalgia, sore throat, cough, maculopapular rash, in addition to typical meningitis symptoms

Enterovirus meningitis

Infectious Disease Flashcards

(64 cards)