Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pulmonary Critical Care > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is considered CAP?

A

symptom onset occuring in the community setting or <48hours after hospital admission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do you treat CAP with no risk factors?
In the outpatient setting?

A
  • Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q24h with azithro or doxy (100mg q12h) (if azithromycin can’t be used
  • if critically ill add vancomycin
  • outpatient or transition to oral is augmentin with or without azithro or doxy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the most likely pathogens in CAP?

A

Strep pneumo, M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, staph aureus, Legionella pneumophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long do you treat CAP?

A

7 days typically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you treat CAP for those with APBL susceptible pseudomonas?
How long to treat?

A
  • Cefepime 2G IV q8h or zosyn 4.5 g IV q6h with or without azithromycin
    Add vancomycin if critically ill
  • 7 days but can be extended to 10-14
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you treat APBL susceptible Pseudomonas when transitioning?
How long to treat?

A
  • levofloxacin 750 mg po q24h
  • 7 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do you treat APBL resistant Pseudomonas?

A
  • consider ID consult
  • cefepime 2G IV q8h or zosyn 4.5 g IV q6h
    + tobramycin 5-7.5 mg/kg IV q24h (for double gram negative coverage)
    with or without azythro or doxycycline (100 mg po q12h
  • add vanc for critically ill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you treat aspiration pneumonia?

A
  • ceftriaxone + azithro + metro
  • used unasyn at Cone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you treat pneumonia in someone with a severe PCN allergy?

A

levofloxacin 750 mg IV q24h
or ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q4h ( cipro does not provide adequate gram positive coverage so may need vanc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What will ciprofloxacin treat?
What will it not treat?

A
  • Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria, Haemophilus, Moraxella, Pasteurella
  • will not treat anaerobes, most gram positives, Streptococci, Enterococci, Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus anthrasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What will levofloxacin treat?
What will it not treat?

A
  • Streptococci, MSSA;
  • Gram neg: Most Enterobacteriaceae, N. meningitidis, Moraxella, H. influenzae, Legionella, Pasteurella, Pseudomonas
  • Anaerobes: non-c.diff clostridia, Prevotella; Peptostreptococci
    Other: Mycoplasma, Chlamydophila, atypicals including legionella
  • does not cover MRSA, many Enterococci, Stenotrophomonas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What covers Legionella?
Duration of treatment?

A
  • Azithromycin and Levofloxacin
  • with azithro, can treat for 10-14 days, especially in cases of severe illness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can MSSA pneumonia be treated?

A
  • IV: nafcillin, cefazolin
  • PO: dicloxacillin, cephalexin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the Enterobacteriaceae?
How are they treated in pneumonia?

A
  • Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis
  • Ceftriaxone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia treated?

A

Azithromcyin or doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia treated?

A

Azithromcyin or doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you treat critically ill gram negative bacteremia?
In patients with PCN allergy?

A
  • Cefepime 2gm IV q8h-q12h PLUS metronidazole
    or
    Zosyn 3.375-4.5 gm IV q6h (will cover obligate anaerobes)
  • PCN allergy severe: can consider aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, gentamicin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you treat Gram negative bacteremia in non-critically ill?

A

ceftriaxone 2 gm IV q24 hr PLUS metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Antibiotics for non-critically ill non-purulent soft tissue infection?
What po antibiotics do you transition to?
Duration?

A
  • Nafcillin 1-2G IV q4h or cefazolin 1-2gIV q8h or ceftriaxone 1-2G IV q24h
  • po: cephalexin 500 mg po q6h
  • duration typically 7 days (or longer if more severe)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do you treat purulent cellulitis in non-critically ill patients?
What are your deescalation options?

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Bactrim 1-2 DS tabs po q12h; doxycycline 100 mg q12h
  • duration 7 days or longer if more severe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do you treat non-necrotizing skin infection in critically ill?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Vancomycin PLUS zosyn or cefepime or cipro
21
Q

How do you treat necrotizing fasciitis in critically ill patients

Study These Flashcards
A

Vancomycin PLUS zosyn or cefepime

22
Q

What are the most common organisms in healthcare acquired pneumonia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
E. Coli
Enteric GNR
MRSA

23
Q

What are the most common organisms in necrotizing skin infection?

Study These Flashcards
A

Group A strep (strep pyogenes)
Staph aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Clostridium perfringens

24
What are the most common organisms in pyelonephritis? What should you treat with?
- Klebsiella, E. Coli, Proteus mirabalis - cefepime, ceftriaxone, or ciprofloxacin
25
What are the most common causes of meningitis?
N. meningitidis Strep pneumo H. influenzae Listeria monocytogenes
26
What will vancomycin cover?
Gram positives (MRSA, MSSA, Strep, Enterococci) Oral anaerobes
27
What does augmentin cover?
- Anaerobes: bacteroides & oral anaerobes - gram negative rods except pseudomonas - Gram positive: MSSA, streptococci
28
What does zosyn cover?
- Gram positive: everything except MRSA (so MSSA, Strep, and Enterococci - All the gram negatives - Anerobes: oral anaerobes and bacteroides
29
What does Aztreoname cover?
- not gram positives - Gram negative rods, all of them - Not anaerobes or atypicals
30
What does ceftriaxone cover?
Gram positives: MSSA & streptococci (not enterococci) Gram negative rods: not pseudomonas - not anaerobes or atypicals
31
Which -penem covers pseudomonas?
- meropenem - ertapenem does not
32
What does cefepime cover?
MSSA, Strep (not enterococci) all gram negative rods not anaerobes
33
What does azithromycin cover?
MSSA, Strep Atypicals (legionella)
34
What does doxycycline cover?
- MSSA, Strep - not Gram negative rods - Atypicals: legionella and rickettsia
35
What does metronidazole cover?
nothing except for gut anaerobes and bacteroides
36
What does cefazolin cover?
MSSA, Strep E. Coli, Klebsiella
37
Which carbapenem does not cover pseudomonas?
ertapenem
38
What are your common bugs in respiratory infection?
Strep pneumo Haemophilus influenzae Mycoplasma pneumonia staphylococcus aureus Legionella Chlamydia pneumoniae Moraxella catarhalis
39
What are your common urine bugs?
E. Coli Klebsiella pneumonia Proteus mirabilis Staph saprophyticus
40
What are your common CNS bugs?
Strep pneumo Neisseria meningitidis Listeria monocytogenes aerobic gram negatives Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep)
41
What are your common intraabdominal bugs?
Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Morganella, Providencia Anaerobes (bacteroides, fusobacterium, actinomyces, clostridium, Prevotella) Enterococci Streptococci
42
What are the gram positive bacilli anaerobes?
Clostridium, Propionubacterium, Actinomyctes, Lactobacillus
43
What are the gram negative bacilli anaerobes?
Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas
44
Gram stain of Enterococcus faecalis? Where is it found? What treats it?
Gram positive cocci in GI tract - penicillins, Augmentin, Vancomycin, linezolid - cephalosporins do not cover enterococcus
45
What are risk factors for coagulase negative staph being real and not contaminant?
if they have hardware, if more than one culture is positive - often methicillin resistant if true pathogen
46
What is the big adverse effect of linezolid?
thrombocytopenia
47
How do you treat strep pneumo, Group A strep (strep pyogenes) and Group B strep (strep agalactiae)?
penicillins and cephalosporins
48
How do you treat Enterococcus faecalis?
Ampicillin - agent of choice zosyn will treat empirically vanc if wanting to cover for other organisms
49
How do you treat Enterococcus faecium at Prisma?
- has high resistance to ampicillin and vanc - treat with daptomycin or linezolid
50
Which bugs are high risk for AmpC Beta Lactmase? What does this mean? How do you treat with these bugs?
- It means they can develop resistance after treatment starts - SPACE bugs (Serratia, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Providencia, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae,) but also Klebsiella and Morganella morganii - if MIC <2, can treat with cefepime; if MIC is >4, treat with carbapenem

Pulmonary Critical Care (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions