Infectious disease

Question 1

mycobacterium tuberculosis

what are the features of m. tuberculosis

2

Answer 1

1. obligate aerobe -> can only grow in the presence of O2
2. a facaultiative intracellular parasite -> colonise host cell macrophages and causing jthe disease tuberculosis

Question 2

how does genus of mycobacterium defined?

grenus : like a group

Answer 2

a unique waxy coating on its cell surface due to abundance of the layer of long-chain fatty aicds known as mycolic acid -> some protection against white blood cells

Question 3

what is AID (enzyme)

NOT AIDS THE SEX DISEASE

Answer 3

activation-induced cytidine deaminase

Question 4

Antobodies are produced by _____

Answer 4

B lymphocytes

Question 5

What does antibodies do?

Answer 5

target extracellular pathogens and toxins secreted by pathogens found in the extracellular space

Question 6

How does antibodies achieve their aim

aim : target extracellular pathogens or toxins via…

Answer 6

1. neutralisation -> antibodies bind to antigens on the pathogen to prevent binding of pathogen to host cell receptos and entering the host cell
2. opsonisation -> antibodies bind to antigens to mark them for phagocytois. Since each antibody has 2 antigen binding site. it can cause the pathogen to agglutinate by linking them tgt -> facilitating phagocytosis
3. activation of complement system -> binding of antibodies to antigens trigger activation of the complement system (comprising a sereis of small proteins which enhance the action of antibodies) -> binding of the complement proteins to an antigen-antibody complex on the targeted cell triggers formation of pores in CSM -> causing osmotic lysis of the targeted cell.

Question 7

what type of proteins are antibodies?

Answer 7

globular -> soluble in water

Question 8

where will the antibodies be found in blood?

Answer 8

blood plasma