Infectious Disease Flashcards
Transmission to fetus increases with GA, but disease is more severe if acquired earlier in pregnancy
Toxoplasmosis
Transmission can occur at any time during pregnancy, but disease is more severe if acquired later in the pregnancy
Syphillis
Transmission to the fetus is most likely early and late
U shaped
but disease is more severe if acquired earlier in pregnancy
Rubella
Transmission to the fetus can occur at any time during the pregnancy, but disease is more severe if acquired earlier in pregnancy
Cytomegalovirus
Osteomyelitis
Occurs through hematogenous spread to metaphysis, more likely in long bones of lower extremity and then upper extremity, radiographic findings 7-10 days
Omphalitis
Risk factors include prolonged rupture of membranes and chorioamnionitis
Erythromycin eye ointment protects against
Neisseria and decreases incidence from 10% to 0.5%
emergency due to ulceration/perforation of cornea
Does not prevent chalmydia since nasopharynx can still have it
Most common cause of conjunctivitis in 1st month of age
Chlamydia
Treat with oral erythromycin for 14 days
Hutichinosn’s Triad
interstitial keratitis
8th nerve deafness
Hutichnosn’s teeth
Syphillis
Aqueous PCN G
Clostridium
botulism, symptoms secondary to toxin which inhibits release of Ach from nerves, EMG findings incremental response at high frequency
tetani, symptoms from toxin, tetanus immunoglobulin, and PCN 10-14 days
Varicella risk most high
Between 5 days before delivery until 2 days after delivery, give Varizig
17% chance of acute infection, if untreated 30% mortality
Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Sensorineural hearing loss
cataracts
salt and pepper chorioretinitis
blueberry muffin rash
pda
celery stalking of long bone
In non-breastfeeding infants <18 months of age with negative DNA or RNA PCR testing definitive exclusion of HIV-1
at least two negative HIV DNA or RNA tests obtained at different time points when infant is older than 1 month and older than 4 months OR
at least 2 negative HIV antibody tests obtained at different points when infant older than 6 months and no other lab or clinical findings
Management of HIV in mother
Use of ARV may be associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, SGA
Begin 3 drug in first trimester
near delivery add IV zidovudine
CS at 38 weeks if high viral load or unknown viral load
HIV positive mother who did not receive treatment, IV zidovudine, cs, zidovudine and nevirapine to baby as soon after delivery, test mother and baby, neonates who receive treatment in 48 hours will have decreased risk of acquiring HIV, bathe baby right away
