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Infectious Disease Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Chlamydia:
management (1)
How to treat Chlamydia in pregnancy

A

doxycycline (7 day course) if first-line

Pregnancy: Azithromycin, erythromycin or amoxicillin

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2
Q

investigation of choice chlamydia

A

NAT test (nuclear acid amplification tests)

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3
Q

CF: most common cause of pneumonia

A

Pseudomonas > Staphylococcus aureus > Haemophilus influenzae > Legionella > Klebsiella.

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4
Q

Meningitis management

A

IV CEFOTAXIME

3 months - 50 years: BNF recommends cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone)
> 50 years: BNF recommends cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone) + amoxicillin (or ampicillin) for adults

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5
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis treatment (1)
pH (1)
discharge (1)

A

metronidazole
4.5
green

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6
Q

UTI and catehter

A

DONT treat unless symptoms even with positive MSU

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7
Q

Bacterial vaginosis management (1)
in pregnancy (1)

A

metronidazole
SAME

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8
Q

Campylobacter jejuni: management (1)
what is it associated with (1)

A

usually selt limiting
if v unwell/ immunocomprimsied –> calrithromycin

there are always mice (ClarithroMYCin) at the camp (CAMPylobacter)

A/W Guillain barre
reactive arthritis
septicaemia
endocarditis
arthritis

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9
Q

HPV vaccine age

A

all 12-13yo

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10
Q

how long to take ART for after needlestick

A

4 weeks

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11
Q

BV - what cells

A

clue cells

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12
Q

BV - alterative treatment to metronidazole

A

topical clindamycin

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13
Q

Staphylococcus aureus gastroenteritis is characterised by

A

a short incubation period and severe vomiting

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14
Q

Erythema chronicum migrans

A

(‘bulls-eye’) rash occurs in around 80% of patients with Lyme disease

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15
Q

which common vaccine is an inactivated preparation of the organism or virus?

A

influenza

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16
Q

how many doses of tetanus is enough

A

5 doses of tetanus vaccine, with the last dose < 10 years ago, they don’t require a booster vaccine nor immunoglobulins, regardless of how severe the wound is

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17
Q

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is overgrowth of what organisms

A

anaerobic organisms such as Gardnerella vaginalis.l

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18
Q

Lyme disease management

A

14-21 day course of oral doxycycline

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19
Q

meningitis prophylaxis for contacts

A

Oral ciprofloxacin or rifampicin is used as prophylaxis for contacts of patients with meningococcal meningitis

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20
Q

Genital wart treatment

Study These Flashcards
A

Genital wart treatment
multiple, non-keratinised warts: topical podophyllum
solitary, keratinised warts: cryotherapy

21
Q

most common cause travellers diarrhoea

22
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis + bacterial vaginosis are associated with a pH

23
Q

Live attenuated vaccines

Study These Flashcards
A

BCG
MMR
oral polio
yellow fever
oral typhoid

24
Q

incubation periods

Study These Flashcards
A

Incubation period
1-6 hrs: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus*
12-48 hrs: Salmonella, Escherichia coli
48-72 hrs: Shigella, Campylobacter
> 7 days: Giardiasis, Amoebiasis

25
Lyme disease in pregnnacy
amoxicillin
26
how long ABx in UTI in pregnancy
7 days
27
uncertain tetanus vaccine Hx?
given a booster vaccine + immunoglobulin unless very very minor
28
Lyme disease investigation
blood test for serology (ELISA) if negative and Lyme disease is still suspected in people tested within 4 weeks from symptom onset, repeat the ELISA 4-6 weeks after the first ELISA test. If still suspected in people who have had symptoms for 12 weeks or more then an immunoblot test should be done if positive or equivocal then an immunoblot test for Lyme disease should be done
29
mastitis during breast feeding
flucloxacillin
30
EBV malignancies
Burkitt's lymphoma Hodgkin's lymphoma nasopharyngeal carcinoma
31
HIV: kaposi sarcoma
caused by HHV-8 (human herpes virus 8) presents as purple papules or plaques on the skin or mucosa (e.g. gastrointestinal and respiratory tract) skin lesions may later ulcerate respiratory involvement may cause massive haemoptysis and pleural effusion radiotherapy + resection
32
Typhoid is caused by...
Salmonella typhi
33
features of typhoid
initially systemic upset as above relative bradycardia abdominal pain, distension constipation: although Salmonella is a recognised cause of diarrhoea, constipation is more common in typhoid rose spots: present on the trunk in 40% of patients, and are more common in paratyphoid
34
complications of typhoid
osteomyelitis (especially in sickle cell disease where Salmonella is one of the most common pathogens) GI bleed/perforation meningitis cholecystitis chronic carriage (1%, more likely if adult females)
35
Latent TB CXR
CXR: A small (1-2cm) calcified nodule is visible in the lateral area of the right mid zone. (Ghon complex)
36
Clostidia
C. perfringens produces α-toxin, a lecithinase, which causes gas gangrene (myonecrosis) and haemolysis features include tender, oedematous skin with haemorrhagic blebs and bullae. Crepitus may present on palpation C. botulinum typically seen in canned foods and honey prevents acetylcholine (ACh) release leading to flaccid paralysis C. difficile causes pseudomembranous colitis, typically seen after the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics produces both an exotoxin and a cytotoxin C. tetani produces an exotoxin (tetanospasmin) that prevents the release of glycine from Renshaw cells in the spinal cord causing a spastic paralysis
37
HIV patients and vaccines
no live vaccines
38
sewage workers, farmers, vets or people who work in an abattoir (rat urine)
Leptospirosis (Weil's disease)
39
Leptospirosis features
the early phase is due to bacteraemia and lasts around a week may be mild or subclinical fever flu-like symptoms subconjunctival suffusion (redness)/haemorrhage second immune phase may lead to more severe disease (Weil's disease) acute kidney injury (seen in 50% of patients) hepatitis: jaundice, hepatomegaly aseptic meningitis
40
Leptospirosis management
diagnosis= SEROLOGY management= DOXYCYCLINE/ azithromycin severe= IV benpen
41
Legionella and mycoplasma treatment
macrolide (erythromycin)w
42
when to do ELISA for ?Lyme
if SYMPTOMATIC (otherwise don't bother)
43
You are reviewing a 31-year-old man in the liver clinic. He is currently on triple therapy for hepatitis C. What is the best way to assess his response to treatment?
viral load
44
BV treatment if can't have metronidazole
clindamycin
45
slapped cheek/ parvoivirus in pregnancy
hydrops fetalis parvovirus B19 in pregnant women can cross the placenta in pregnant women this causes severe anaemia due to viral suppression of fetal erythropoiesis → heart failure secondary to severe anaemia → the accumulation of fluid in fetal serous cavities (e.g. ascites, pleural and pericardial effusions) treated with intrauterine blood transfusions
46
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme
47
when to treat Lyme
start doxycycline 14-21 days (and send serology for Berrelia burgorderi)- DON'T wait for serology result
48
cefalexin in pregnancy
OK

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